Jan  -  A plot to kill the new King 
Supporters of Richard II planned to attack King Henry during a tournament held over Christmas at Windsor Castle. The plot was betrayed by Edward, Earl of Rutland, son of the Duke of York. Henry and his family escaped to London, and by the time the king returned to Windsor with an army, the rebels had been dealt with by local people.

Feb  -  Death of Richard II 
Richard II died some time between the 9th and 17th of February 1400 while being imprisoned at Pontefract Castle. The cause of his death is not known. He died at the age of 33.

Aug  -  Henry invades Scotland 
To stop the Scots raiding the northern borders of England Henry took an army into Scotland. The Scottish king Robert III did not concede defeat and Henry had to resort to minor raids of his own without any real outcome for either side.

Aug  -  Glendower's revolt starts 
What started as a land dispute between Owen Glendower, a wealthy land owner in Wales and his rival Lord Grey of Rutin quickly escalated to a revolt when the English King Henry IV sided with Rutin and awarded him the land.

Sep  -  Glendower proclaimed Prince of Wales 
Glendower's revolt spread and he proclaimed himself the Prince of Wales. He was joined by the Tudor brothers from Anglesey and began guerrilla warfare against the English in the North of Wales and the Marcher Lords in the centre.

Oct  -  Henry fights back against Glendower 
Henry IV moved into North Wales to try and stop the rebellion but he was not able to deal with the Welsh rebels who were more skilled at fighting in the terrain.

Oct 25  -  Death of Geoffrey Chaucer. 
Geoffrey Chaucer died.

Mar  -  William Sawtrey is the first Lollard to be burned at the stake 
William Sawtrey was a follower of John Wycliffe.

Jun  -  Hotspur resigns 
After accusing the king of not paying his army, Hotspur resigned his guardianship of the king's son in North Wales and he left to resume fighting the Scots.

Mar  -  Death of David Stewart 
David, the eldest son of Robert III, King of Scotland, was arrested by his uncle, Robert the duke of Albany and locked up in Falkland Palace where he died in 1402. This led to James I becoming the next king of Scotland.

Jun 22  -  Battle of Pilleth 
Edmund Mortimer's army met Owen Glendower at Pilleth near Whitton in central Wales. Mortimer's army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. Glendower offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay.

Sep 14  -  Battle of Homildon Hill 
The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's.

Jul 21  -  Battle of Shrewsbury 
Henry IV managed to reach Shrewsbury just before Hotspur arrived and the rebel army had to camp outside the town to the north. The battle lasted all day but it ended when Hotspur was killed.

Aug  -  Earl of Northumberland surrenders 
Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland (Hotspur's father) had not managed to reach Shrewsbury in time to save his son. The Earl surrendered to the King, who accepted and showed the Earl mercy.

May  -  Glendower's Parliament 
Owen Glendower called a Parliament where he declared himself to be the true 'Prince of Wales'. Embassies from France and Scotland attended the meeting and gave promises to support Glendower's plans to overthrow Henry IV.

Sep 27  -  Death of William of Wykeham 
William of Wykeham the Bishop of Winchester died in this year. He was replaced by Henry Beaufort.

Feb  -  Glendower's agreement 
Owen Glendower, Edmund Mortimer and the Earl of Northumberland combine forces and share the same goal of removing Henry IV. They agreed to divide England and Wales in three, Owen taking Wales and the west of England, the Earl to take the north of England and the north Midlands. Mortimer could have the rest.

Spring  -  Battles of Grosmont and Usk 
English forces fought and defeated Welsh forces in two battles at Grosmont and Usk. Sir John Talbot defeated Glendower at Grosmont and Prince Henry forced the Welsh to flee at Usk. Glendower's eldest son was captured at Usk and sent to the Tower of London where he died.

Apr  -  Scrope's revolt 
Richard Scrope colluded with the Earl of Northumberland to overthrow Henry IV. Scrope was the Archbishop of York.

May  -  Scrope executed 
The Archbishop's revolt was crushed with the aid of the Nevilles and the king had him executed.

Mar  -  James (I) captured by the English 
Robert III had fled from the Duke of Albany to Rothesay Castle and had attempted to send his son James to France. English pirates intercepted James and he was sent to London and imprisoned.

Apr  -  James I of Scotland 
With the death of Robert III, King of the Scots, James I was the new King of Scotland but as he was imprisoned by the English, his brother Robert, acted as Regent until James' release in 1424.

Apr  -  Robert III dies 
Robert III, King of Scotland died at Rothesay Castle. His son James, although the rightful heir to the Scottish throne, was not crowned until 1424.

Feb  -  Battle of Bramham Moor 
The end of the Percy's revolt came at the battle of Bramham Moor where the Earl of Northumberland was killed by the Sheriff of Yorkshire.

Autumn  -  Aberystwyth falls to Henry 
The Welsh surrender the castle at Aberyswyth. They had held out for a year. Prince Henry had tried destroying the castle with canons but had no success.

Winter  -  Henry IV very ill 
The King's mysterious illness had resurfaced and he was extremely ill and close to death. Prince Henry was temporarily put in control of the country.

Mar  -  Harlech falls to the English 
The Welsh in Harlech Castle surrender to the English and the revolt of Welsh comes to an end. Edmund Mortimer was killed.

Sep 21  -  Birth of Richard of York 
Richard, Duke of York, was born on the 21st of September. His father was Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and his mother was Anne Mortimer.

Jan  -  Joan of Arc born 
Joan is born at Domremy.

Mar 20  -  Henry IV dies 
Henry IV died in the Palace of Westminster. The mysterious disease he had suffered from for many years had taken its toll. Prince Henry accepted the crown and claimed it. The Earl of March now old enough to rule still had a very good claim of his own.

Apr 9  -  Henry V crowned 
Henry V was crowned at Westminster Abbey. The ceremony was marked by a very bad snow storm but people were unable to decide if this was a bad omen or a good one.

Autumn  -  Sir John Oldcastle arrested 
As the leader of the Lollards, the friend of the King was arrested and sent to the Tower of London.

Dec  -  Richard II's body moved 
In an act of respect to Richard II, Henry had the dead king's body moved to its proper resting place in Westminster Abbey.

Jan 9  -  Lollards arrested 
A meeting of the Lollards was stormed by the King's troops and many were arrested and subsequently put to death. Their leader, Sir John Oldcastle, managed to escape capture.

Apr  -  Parliament at Leicester 
Parliament agreed to give Henry V the money to invade France. Those that opposed the plans included Earl Marshal, Ralph Neville, who believed there was a better chance of subduing Scotland than France.

Summer  -  Henry claims French territories 
France was in the midst of a civil war between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs. Charles VI, the king of France, had joined the Armagnacs. Henry came in on the side of the Burgundians and saw the opportunity to reclaim lost lands in France. Henry's plan was to invade France but he needed a good reason. He gave the French king a list of demands including the French throne, the restoration of the Angevin empire and the hand of the king's daughter in marriage. If the demands could not be met Henry could go to war.

Spring  -  Preparations for war with France 
As negotiations were underway in France, England was preparing for the invasion of France.

Aug 1  -  Plot to overthrow the King 
Led by Richard Earl of Cambridge, Henry's cousin, a plot to assassinate the King and replace him with the Earl of March who was the true heir to the throne was hatched. The revolt brought together all the old enemies of Henry including Lord Scrope (Archbishop Scrope's nephew) and the Lollards. The Earl of March whose loyalties were with the king informed Henry of the plot the night before and the rebels were arrested. Several were executed.

Aug 11  -  Henry sails for France 
Preparations for war were complete and Henry's army set sail from Southampton for the French coast.

Aug 16  -  English fleets lands in Normandy 
Henry's army landed on the north bank of the Seine estuary near to the town of Harfleur (now part of Le Havre). Henry organised the siege of the town and waited for it to fall.

Sep 22  -  Harfleur falls to the English 
The town held out for five weeks in which time the English soldiers were starting to suffer from disease caught from their camps in the marshes. The people in the town were not doing much better and when it was clear that the town was not going to be rescued, the citizens surrendered. Henry treated the towns people with respect and let them leave.

Oct 8  -  The march to Calais 
Henry's plans for invading France had been dented by the time it took to capture Harfleur and the affect of disease on his men. He decided to move his men to Calais which was under English control.

Oct 19  -  Henry crosses the Somme 
Henry's plan was to get across the Somme at its estuary where it was relatively easy to cross but he received word that the crossing was being guarded by the French. Henry had no other choice but to follow the west bank of the Somme south into French territory to find a suitable crossing point. His men were short of food as Henry had told them to take only a few day's supplies expecting them to reach Calais. Henry finally found a crossing point that was unguarded and his army crossed the Somme.

Oct 25  -  The Battle of Agincourt 
The English army met the French army near the town of Agincourt. Although the English were outnumbered three to one, Henry used the local terrain to his advantage. The French cavalry were hit heavily by the English archers and French knights got bogged down in the wet fields. The French were defeated and Henry ordered that no prisoners should be taken apart from the extremely important knights who could be ransomed. The death toll amongst the French nobility was high.

Nov  -  Henry returns to England 
After a few weeks recovering in Calais from their ordeal, Henry and the English army returned to England to a hero's welcome.

Aug 15  -  Harfleur rescued 
An English fleet commanded by John Duke of Bedford attacked and defeated the French blockading the mouth of the Seine who were preventing supplies reaching the English held town of Harfleur. Bedford was the king's brother.

Dec 14  -  Sir John Oldcastle executed 
Sir John Oldcastle executed.

May 21  -  Treaty of Troyes 
Henry V pledged to recover all the lands of the dauphin Charles and (24.5) Henry recognised as heir to the French throne.


Jun 2  -  Henry marries 
The marriage of Henry and Catherine the daughter of Charles VI king of France sealed the Treaty of Troyes.

Feb 23  -  Queen Catherine crowned 
Queen Catherine was crowned at Westminster Abbey.

Dec 6  -  Birth of Henry (VI) 
Prince Henry (later Henry VI) was born at Windsor.

May  -  Meaux falls to the English 
The French town of Meaux finally fell to the English besiegers. This being Henry's last great victory against the French.

Aug 31  -  Henry V dies 
Henry had fallen ill during the previous winter and had not recovered during the spring and summer. He died at the age of 34 in Bios de Vincennes in France on August 31st and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

Sep 1  -  Henry VI becomes king 
Henry VI became king of England upon the death of his father. Henry was less than one year old when his father died and so England was governed by a number of protectors. These included Henry V's brothers, John Duke of Bedford and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, along with Henry Beaufort the bishop of Winchester.

Oct 21  -  Charles VI of France dies 
Charles VI of France died and was buried in the Saint Denis Basilica. Henry VI of England was proclaimed king of France and John Duke of Bedford was appointed regent.

Dec  -  Treaty of London 
Treaty allowing James I, of Scotland to be freed from his prison where he had been for eighteen years and return to Scotland and become King.

May  -  James I crowned 
James I, King of Scotland was crowned at Scone Abbey.