| | | 1400 | Tower built at Carlisle |
| The tower and nort transept at Carlisle were begun in 1400 and were completed in 1419. |
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| York Minster East Window |
| Building work on the East Window of York Minster until 1405. |
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| Chapter House at Canterbury building work |
| Chapter House at Canterbury building work by Stephen Lote. |
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| Henry Yeveley dies. |
| Henry Yeveley, one of the greatest late medieval architects died in 1400. His work on Canterbury Cathedral was continued by his pupil Stephen Lote. |
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| Jan - A plot to kill the new King |
| Supporters of Richard II planned to attack king Henry during a tournament held over Christmas at Windsor Castle. The plot was betrayed by Edward, Earl of Rutland, son of the Duke of York. Henry and his family escaped to London, and by the time the king returned to Windsor with an army, the rebels had been dealt with by local people. |
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| Feb - Death of Richard II |
| Richard II died some time between the 9th and 17th of February 1400 while being imprisoned at Pontefract Castle. The cause of his death is not known. He died at the age of 33. |
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| Aug - Glendower's revolt starts  |
| What started as a land dispute between Owen Glendower, a wealthy land owner in Wales and his rival Lord Grey of Rutin quickly escalated to a revolt when the English King Henry IV sided with Rutin and awarded him the land. |
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| Aug - Henry invades Scotland |
| To stop the Scots raiding the northern borders of England Henry took an army into Scotland. The Scottish king Robert III did not concede defeat and Henry had to resort to minor raids of his own without any real outcome for either side. |
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| Sep - Glendower proclaimed Prince of Wales |
| Glendower's revolt spread and he proclaimed himself the Prince of Wales. He was joined by the Tudor brothers from Angelsey and began guerrilla warfare against the English in the North of Wales and the Marcher Lords in the centre. |
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| Oct - Henry fights back against Glendower |
| Henry IV moved into North Wales to try and stop the rebellion but he was not able to deal with the Welsh rebels who were more skilled at fighting in the terrain. |
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| Oct 25 - Death of Geoffrey Chaucer. |
| Geoffrey Chaucer died.
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| 1401 | De heretico comburendo |
| The statute called De heretico comburendo was passed by Henry IV allowing heretics to be burnt at the stake. It was forbidden for anyone to translate the Bible into English and illegal to own a copy. |
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| Hotspur takes control in North Wales |
| Henry IV gave his son Prince Henry, the future Henry V, the task of defeating Glendower in North Wales. As the boy was only 13 years old, Hotspur a knight and jouster of importance was given the role of guardian over the Prince. Hotspur was the son of Henry Percy the Earl of Northumberland. |
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| Mar - William Sawtrey is the first Lollard to be burned at the stake |
| William Sawtrey was a follower of John Wycliffe. |
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| Jun - Hotspur resigns |
| After accusing the king of not paying his army, Hotspur resigned his guardianship of the king's son in North Wales and he left to resume fighting the Scots. |
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| 1402 | Henry IV assembles an army |
| The king assembled an army at Shrewsbury Castle in preparation to fight Owen Glendower. |
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| Jun 22 - Battle of Pilleth |
| Edmund Mortimer's army met Owen Glendower at Pilleth near Whitton in central Wales. Mortimer's army was badly defeated and Mortimer was captured. Glendower offered to release Mortimer for a large ransom, but Henry IV refused to pay. |
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| Sep 14 - Battle of Homildon Hill |
| The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's. |
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| 1403 | Kidwelly Castle attacked |
| Owen Glendower's forces attacked Kidwelly Castle managing to set fire to the unfinished gatehouse but did not capture the castle. |
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| Llansteffan Castle attacked by Glendower |
| The Norman Llansteffan Castle was attacked by Owen Glendower. Glendower may have held the castle for a short time until it was retaken by Sir John Penress (Pennes). |
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| Abergavenny attacked by Glendower |
| The castle at Abergavenny was attacked and burnt by Owen Glendower. |
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| Prince Henry in command |
| Prince Henry, now sixteen, took control of this army in Wales. He took his troops looking for Owen Glendower but could not find him and so burnt villages and killed any prisoners that were taken. Henry's main problem, like Hotspur's before him was that the King was not providing enough money to pay the English troops. |
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| Revolt of the Percies |
| The Percies, led by the Earl of Northumberland and Hotspur announced their intent to revolt against Henry IV. They even promised to free the Scots they had captured at the battle of Homildon if the Scots assisted in the revolt. The plan was to join forces with Owen Glendower and support the claim of the young Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March to the English throne. |
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| Jul 21 - Battle of Shrewsbury |
| Henry IV managed to reach Shrewsbury just before Hotspur arrived and the rebel army had to camp outside the town to the north. The battle lasted all day but it ended when Hotspur was killed. |
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| Aug - Earl of Northumberland surrenders |
| Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland (Hotspur's father) had not managed to reach Shrewsbury in time to save his son. The Earl surrendered to the King, who accepted and showed the Earl mercy. |
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| 1404 | Aberystwyth falls to the Welsh |
| Owen Glendower captured the town of Aberystwyth and its castle after a lengthy blockade. |
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| Cardiff sacked by Glendower |
| Owen Glendower attacked and captured the town of Cardiff and its castle. |
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| Harlech Castle siege |
| The Welsh captured Harlech Castle and the fortess became the base for Owen's revolt. |
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| Worcester Cathedral north and south cloisters |
| Work began on the north and south cloisters of Worcester Cathedral. Until 1432. |
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| May - Glendower's Parliament |
| Owen Glendower called a Parliament where he declared himself to be the true 'Prince of Wales'. Embassies from France and Scotland attended the meeting and gave promises to support Glendower's plans to overthrow Henry IV. |
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| Sep 27 - Death of William of Wykeham |
| William of Wykeham the Bishop of Winchester died in this year. He was replaced by Henry Beaufort. |
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| 1405 | Feb - Glendower's agreement |
| Owen Glendower, Edmund Mortimer and the Earl of Northumberland combine forces and share the same goal of removing Henry IV. They agreed to divide England and Wales in three, Owen taking Wales and the west of England, the Earl to take the north of England and the north Midlands. Mortimer could have the rest. |
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| Spring - Battles of Grosmont and Usk |
| English forces fought and defeated Welsh forces in two battles at Grosmont and Usk. Sir John Talbot defeated Glendower at Grosmont and Prince Henry forced the Welsh to flee at Usk. Glendower's eldest son was captured at Usk and sent to the Tower of London where he died. |
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| Apr - Scrope's revolt |
| Richard Scrope colluded with the Earl of Northumberland to overthrow Henry IV. Scrope was the Archbishop of York. |
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| May - Scrope executed |
| The Archbishop's revolt was crushed with the aid of the Nevilles and the king had him executed. |
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| 1406 | Mar - James (I) captured by the English |
| Robert III had fled from the Duke of Albany to Rothesay Castle and had attempted to send his son James to France. English pirates intercepted James and he was sent to London and imprisoned. |
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| Apr - Robert III dies |
| Robert III, King of Scotland died at Rothesay Castle. His son James, although the rightful heir to the Scottish throne, was not crowned until 1424. |
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| Apr - James I of Scotland |
| With the death of Robert III, King of the Scots, James I was the new King of Scotland but as he was imprisoned by the English, his brother Robert, acted as Regent until James' release in 1424. |
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| 1407 | Harlech Castle siege |
| The English besiege the Welsh in Harlech Castle. |
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| Prince Henry besieges Aberystwyth |
| Prince Henry laid siege to the castle at Aberystwyth in an attempt to remove the Welsh who had captured it in 1404. |
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| York Minster central tower |
| Building work on the central tower of York Minster until 1423. |
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| 1408 | Feb - Battle of Bramham Moor |
| The end of the Percy's revolt came at the battle of Bramham Moor where the Earl of Northumberland was killed by the Sheriff of Yorkshire. |
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| Autumn - Aberystwyth falls to Henry |
| The Welsh surrender the castle at Aberyswyth. They had held out for a year. Prince Henry had tried destroying the castle with canons but had no success. |
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| Winter - Henry IV very ill |
| The King's mysterious illness had resurfaced and he was extremely ill and close to death. Prince Henry was temporarily put in control of the country. |
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| 1409 | Mar - Harlech falls to the English |
| The Welsh in Harlech Castle surrender to the English and the revolt of Welsh comes to an end. Edmund Mortimer was killed. |
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| 1410 | Founding of St. Andrews University. |
| St. Andrews is the oldest university in Scotland. |
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| 1411 | Sep 21 - Birth of Richard of York |
| Richard, Duke of York, was born on the 21st of September. His father was Richard, Earl of Cambridge, and his mother was Anne Mortimer. |
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| 1412 | Jan - Joan of Arc born |
| Joan is born at Domremy. |
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| 1413 | Mar 20 - Henry IV dies |
| Henry IV died in the Palace of Westminster. The mysterious disease he had suffered from for many years had taken its toll. Prince Henry accepted the crown and claimed it. The Earl of March now old enough to rule still had a very good claim of his own. |
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| Apr 9 - Henry V crowned |
| Henry V was crowned at Westminster Abbey. The ceremony was marked by a very bad snow storm but people were uanble to decide if this was a bad omen or a good one. |
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| Autumn - Sir John Oldcastle arrested |
| As the leader of the Lollards, the friend of the King was arrested and sent to the Tower of London. |
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| Dec - Richard II's body moved |
| In an act of respect to Richard II, Henry had the dead king's body moved to its proper resting place in Westminster Abbey. |
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| 1414 | Jan 9 - Lollards arrested |
| A meeting of the Lollards was stormed by the King's troops and many were arrested and subsequently put to death. Their leader, Sir John Oldcastle, managed to escape capture. |
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| Summer - Henry claims French territories |
| France was in the midst of a civil war between the Burgundians and the Armagnacs. Charles VI, the king of France, had joined the Armagnacs. Henry came in on the side of the Burgundians and saw the opportunity to reclaim lost lands in France. Henry's plan was to invade France but he needed a good reason. He gave the French king a list of demands including the French throne, the restoration of the Angevin empire and the hand of the king's daughter in marriage. If the demands could not be met Henry could go to war. |
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| 1415 | Spring - Preparations for war with France |
| As negotiations were underway in France, England was preparing for the invasion of France. |
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| Aug 1 - Plot to overthrow the King |
| Led by Richard Earl of Cambridge, Henry's cousin, a plot to assasinate the King and replace him with the Earl of March who was the true heir to the throne was hatched. The revolt brought together all the old enemies of Henry including Lord Scrope (Archbishop Scrope's nephew) and the Lollards. The Earl of March whose loyalties were with the king informed Henry of the plot the night before and the rebels were arrested. Several were executed. |
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| Aug 11 - Henry sails for France |
| Preparations for war were complete and Henry's army set sail from Southampton for the French coast. |
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| Aug 16 - English fleets lands in Normandy |
| Henry's army landed on the north bank of the Seine estuary near to the town of Harfleur (now part of Le Havre). Henry organised the siege of the town and waited for it to fall. |
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| Sep 22 - Harfleur falls to the English |
| The town held out for five weeks in which time the English soldiers were starting to suffer from disease caught from their camps in the marshes. The people in the town were not doing much better and when it was clear that the town was not going to be rescued, the citizens surrendered. Henry treated the towns people with respect and let them leave. |
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| Oct 8 - The march to Calais |
| Henry's plans for invading France had been dented by the time it took to capture Harfleur and the affect of disease on his men. He decided to move his men to Calais which was under English control. |
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| Oct 19 - Henry crosses the Somme |
| Henry's plan was to get across the Somme at its estuary where it was relatively easy to cross but he recieved word that the crossing was being guarded by the French. Henry had no other choice but to follow the west bank of the Somme south into French territory to find a suitable crossing point. His men were short of food as Henry had told them to take only a few day's supplies expecting them to reach Calais. Henry tinally found a crossing point that was unguarded and his army crossed the Somme. |
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| Oct 25 - The Battle of Agincourt |
| The English army met the French army near the town of Agincourt. Although the English were outnumbered three to one, Henry used the local terrain to his advantage. The French cavalry were hit heavily by the English archers and French knights got bogged down in the wet fields. The French were defeated and Henry ordered that no prisoners should be taken apart from the extremely important knights who could be ransomed. The death toll amongst the French nobility was high. |
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| Nov - Henry returns to England |
| After a few weeks recovering in Calais from their ordeal, Henry and the English army returned to England to a hero's welcome. |
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| 1416 | Armagnac Fleet blockade Harfleur |
| A French fleet laid siege to Harfleur, the French port captured by Henry, and attempted to get it back. |
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| Aug 15 - Harfleur rescued |
| An English fleet commanded by John Duke of Bedford attacked and defeated the French blockading the mouth of the Seine who were preventing supplies reaching the English held town of Harfleur. Bedford was the king's brother. |
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| 1417 | Dec 14 - Sir John Oldcastle executed |
| Sir John Oldcastle executed.
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| 1420 | May 21 - Treaty of Troyes |
| Henry V pledged to recover all the lands of the dauphin Charles and (24.5) Henry recognised as heir to the French throne.
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| Jun 2 - Henry marries |
| The marriage of Henry and Catherine the daughter of Charles VI king of France sealed the Treaty of Troyes. |
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| 1421 | Feb 23 - Queen Catherine crowned |
| Queen Catherine was crowned at Westminster Abbey. |
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| Dec 6 - Birth of Henry (VI) |
| Prince Henry (later Henry VI) was born at Windsor. |
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| 1422 | May - Meaux falls to the English |
| The French town of Meaux finally fell to the English besiegers. This being Henry's last great victory against the French. |
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| Aug 31 - Henry V dies |
| Henry had fallen ill during the previous winter and had not recovered during the spring and summer. He died at the age of 34 in Bios de Vincennes in France on August 31st and was buried in Westminster Abbey. |
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| Sep 1 - Henry VI becomes king |
| Henry VI became king of England upon the death of his father. Henry was less than one year old when his father died and so England was governed by Henry V's brothers, John, Duke of Bedford and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester. |
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| Oct 21 - Charles VI of France dies |
| Charles VI of France died and was buried in the Saint Denis Basilica. Henry VI of England was proclaimed king of France and John Duke of Bedford was appointed regent. |
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| 1423 | Battle of Cravant in France |
| English defeat the French at Cravant |
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| Canterbury South West Tower building work |
| Canterbury South West Tower building work by Thomas Mapilton. |
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| Dec - Treaty of London |
| Treaty allowing James I, of Scotland to be freed from his prison where he had been for eighteen years and return to Scotland and become King. |
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| 1424 | Battle of Verneuil |
| The English defeat the French at Verneuil |
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| May - James I crowned |
| James I, King of Scotland was crowned at Scone Abbey. |
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