|
|
|
| |
|
1325
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Peterborough's Central Tower
The central tower of Peterborough Cathedral was begun in 1325. 1
See Also
Mar
-
Isabella leaves for France
Isabella travelled to France to see King Charles IV her brother. Her mission was to bring to an end the disputes over land between France and England. The King agreed to the English reclaiming the lands of Gascony and Ponthieu as long as Edward came to Paris and paid homage. In Paris Isabella met Roger Mortimer who had recently escaped from the Tower of London. She fell in love with him.2
See Also
Sep
-
Prince Edward in France
In England, King Edward was persuaded not to go to France by the Despensers. The Despensers were worried that because their position of power in England was precarious, if Edward left the country they could easily lose that power. Instead, it was decided that the King's son Prince Edward, only thirteen years old should go to France and pay homage instead. This was a big mistake.2
See Also
Sep 21
-
Prince Edward is captured
Prince Edward met Charles IV and paid him homage. The French king gave the Prince the title of Duke of Aquitaine and informed the English King that the French were going to retain the Agenais, an area of southwest France. Prince Edward had effectively been captured and his mother, Isabella the English Queen, had begun the plans of removing her husband from the throne of England.2
See Also
Nov
-
Edward commands Isabella to return
At a Parliament called to discuss the situation in France, it was decided to send a petition to Isabella for her return to England. She refused. In France, her brother the King had become annoyed with Isabella's conduct. Isabella left France and went to the court of William II, Count of Hainault who assisted her with preparations to invade England. A promise was made to marry Prince Edward, now Duke of Aquitaine to William's daughter Philippa.2
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1326
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Oriel College Oxford founded
Edward II founded Oriel College, Oxford.
See Also
Clare College Cambridge founded
A new college is founded in Cambridge, called Clare College.
Threat of invasion
Preparations were made in England for the threatened invasion from Isabella. Preparations were made difficult because Hugh Despensers was so unpopular. 2
See Also
Spring
-
Marriage arranged between Edward and Philippa
Isabella arranged the future marriage between her son Edward and Philippa the daughter of William count of Hainault. Isabella claimed part of Philippa's dowry in advance so that she could finance her invasion of England.3
See Also
Sep
-
Isabella and Mortimer land to take the throne
Isabella, the wife of Edward II and her supporters including Mortimer landed at Orwell in Suffolk. Their aim was to remove Edward II from his throne and place Prince Edward there as the new king. Isabella had no problem in raising an army from those opposed to the King and they advanced on London. Although Edward was in the Tower of London the rest of London was against him and he decided to leave the city and head west with his supporters including the Despensers and the Earl of Winchester.
See Also
Oct
-
Prince Edward is declared Keeper of the Realm
Isabella entered Bristol and was welcomed by the citizens there. The Earl of Winchester who had taken to the castle decided the best action was surrender. He was executed on the 27th of October as a traitor.
See Also
Nov
-
Edward captured
The King was captured in Wales at the Abbey of Neath. He had hoped to get some support in Wales but that was not to be the case. The Despensers were also captured. Hugh Despenser was given a short trial and executed as a traitor. Edward was taken to Kenilworth castle and imprisoned.2
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1327
|
Jan
-
Edward III takes the throne
Henry III succeeds to the throne and is crowned at Westminster.4
See Also
Apr
-
Edward II is imprisoned
Edward II was imprisoned in Berkeley Castle.
See Also
Sep
-
Edward II murdered at Berkeley Castle
Edward was buried at the abbey church at Gloucester.
See Also
| Edward III
After the poor reign of his father Edward III's reign lasted fifty years and restored the confidence of the English nation as a whole in the monarchy. Edward was declared Keeper of the Realm in 1326 when his father abdicated. The abdication was forced on the old king by Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. Isabella had held Edward in France in 1325 when he had travelled there to pay homage to Charles IV, the King of France. When Isabella, Mortimer and Edward landed in England Edward II fled to Wales. The King was captured and later murdered, by Mortimer's order, in September of 1327. Edward III was crowned at Westminster Abbey early in 1327 but was only fourteen years old and too young to rule unaided. The country was run by a regency led by Henry of Lancaster. More Information |
| |
|
|
1328
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Nicholas V becomes the Antipope
(More...)
Jan 24
-
Edward III marries
Edward married Philippa of Hainault at York Minster. The marriage was arranged as many were at the time. The arrangement was organised as early as 1323, when she was not nine years old. The Bishop of Exeter visited Hainault to see the girl.5
See Also
Feb 1
-
Charles IV of France Dies, followed by Philippe VI
After the death of Charles IV the next rightful claimant to the French throne was not clear-cut as there was no male heir. Isabella, the sister of Charles, had married Edward II and their son Edward III had just taken on the rule of England. Isabella put in a claim for her son but in France the first cousin of Charles was chosen. He was Philippe of Valois the grandson of Philippe III of France.5
See Also
May
-
Treaty of Northampton
England recognised the Declaration of Arbroath drawn up by Robert the Bruce in 1320. Scotland was accepted as an independent country under the rule of Robert.
See Also
Summer
-
David (II) marries Joan
Part of the Treaty of Northampton was the betrothal of David (II), son of Robert King of the Scots, to Edward's sister Joan. The two were married in the same year.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1329
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Edward agrees to do homage to Philippe
Edward III agreed to do homage to Philippe of Valois for the lands he held in Aquitaine. Edward did not place his hands between Philippe's, a sign of total loyalty which would have been hard to go against, as Edward was unhappy about Philippe's claim to the French throne. Edward was hoping diplomatic endeavours would help his position and wanted Philippe's daughter Joan to marry his first son Edward the Black Prince. 5
See Also
Jun 7
-
David II becomes king of Scotland
Robert I (the Bruce) of Scotland died and was followed by David (II). David was only 5 years old and so Edward Balliol claimed his right to the throne being the son of John who was king of Scotland from 1292 to 1296.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1330
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
York Minster West Window
Building work on the West Window of York Minster until 1338. 1
See Also
Sherborne Castle is given to the Earl of Salisbury
Edward III gave the castle at Sherborne to the Earl of Salisbury.
See Also
Mar
-
Execution of Edmund, Earl of Kent
Mortimer arrested Edmund, Earl of Kent for openly opposing Queen Isabella and Mortimer himself. This act was the catalyst for Edward II to arrest Mortimer for treason.
See Also
Jun 15
-
Edward (the Black Prince) is born
Edward was born at the royal manor of Woodstock.3
See Also
Oct 19
-
Arrest of Mortimer
Edward III ordered the arrest of Roger Mortimer. The King and some loyal supporters entered Nottingham Castle via a secret passage in the rocks and Roger Mortimer was arrested.
See Also
Nov 29
-
Execution of Roger Mortimer
Mortimer was tried before Parliament and executed.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1331
|
Apr 4
-
Meeting between Edward III and Philippe VI
In disguise Edward travelled to France to meet Philippe VI. At the meeting it was agreed that Edward did not have to do homage for Aquitaine.
See Also
Nov 24
-
David II is crowned
David II, at the age of 7, was crowned King of Scotland at Scone.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1332
|
Jun 16
-
Isabella born
Isabella, the daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, was born on this day.
See Also
Aug 12
-
Battle of Dupplin Moor
With help from English archers Edward Balliol forwarded his right to the Scottish throne by defeating David II's followers at Dupplin Moor.5
See Also
Sep 24
-
Balliol crowned king of Scotland
Edward Balliol was crowned king of Scotland at Scone but was quickly forced over the border back to England prompting Edward III's assaults.5
See Also
Dec
-
Balliol overthrown
Balliol's fortunes changed when he was overthrown and had to flee to England.
See Also
| |
| |
|
|
1333
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Isle of Man comes under English control
Montagu, an English Baron, took control of the Isle of Man from Scotland.
See Also
Mar 18
-
Earl of Chester
Edward (the Black Prince) was given the title Earl of Chester on this day.3
See Also
Jul 19
-
Battle of Halidon Hill
Edward had positioned his army on Halidon Hill overlooking Berwick which he had under siege. He choose the location because it allowed him to look out for the Scots who may try and relieve the Scottish who were besieged with the town. A Scottish force tried to get to Berwick put were defeated by Edward's army. Edward III's attacks on Scotland and victory at Halidon Hill put Edward Balliol back on the Scottish throne for four more years. Robert (II), the future King of the Scots, was one of the Scottish commanders at the battle of Halidon Hill.5
See Also
Jul 20
-
Berwick surrenders to the English
After the defeat of their relief force at Haildon Hill the day before the Scots holding out in Berwick had no option but surrender to the English and Edward III.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1334
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
The spire of Salisbury Cathedral
The tower and spire of Salisbury Cathedral were constructed between 1334 and 1380. The spire at 404ft was the tallest stone spire built in the Medieval era. 1
See Also
Benedict XII becomes Pope
(More...)
Jun
-
England takes control of parts of Scotland
Edward Balliol granted England control of parts of southern Scotland.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1335
|
Qtr 2
-
Edward attacks the Scots
Edward III, assisted by Balliol, moved up through Scotland. There was a chance that the French would invade while the King was in the North as Philippe VI had sent ships to help the Scottish cause.3
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1336
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Bampton Castle rebuilding work
License to crenelate (fortify) the castle at Bampton in Devon was granted.
See Also
Aug 12
-
Exports of Wool Stopped
Louis de Nevers, the count of Flanders from 1322, prohibited trade with England in an attempt to control the powerful cloth-weavers in the area. Louis suspected some kind of link between the weavers and England and so he banned the trade of wool to cut the supplies that their wealth relied on. Edward counteracted by changing the only continental port where wool was imported to from Bruges to Antwerp.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1337
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
1st Duke of Cornwall
Edward, the Black Prince, was given the title Duke of Cornwall by his father Edward III. The estate was created at this time is order to provide an annual income for the Prince and for future eldest sons of the monarch. 6
See Also
Qtr 2
-
Cardinals sent to Europe
Two cardinals, Peter Gomez and Bertrand of Montfavence, were sent by Pope Benedict XII to Europe to try and prevent the two kings from going to war.7
See Also
Jun
-
A comet is seen over France
A comet was seen in the skies of France and was viewed as a bad omen and that war was on the horizon.3
See Also
Aug
-
Edward rescues Stirling Castle
Edward III reaches Stirling Castle with supplies to assist the English garrison there that was under siege from Sir Andrew Moray.8
See Also
Aug 14
-
Robert III is born at Scone
Robert (III), the future king of Scotland, was born at Scone.
See Also
Oct
-
Start of the Hundred Years' War
Relations between England and France were not good. Philippe VI the French King had sent ships to help the Scots who were attacking English merchant shipping and ports. There was the threat that the French would invade England. Edward III then laid a claim to the French throne. The claim centred on the fact that Isabella, his mother, was the daughter of Philippe IV. All of Philippe IV's sons (John I, Philippe V and Charles IV) had died without passing the French throne onto a son. On his death-bed Charles IV designated Philippe of Valois, his first cousin, as regent. Charles' wife was expecting a child and it was hoped that the child would be a boy. The child was a girl and Philippe of Valois claimed the throne for himself. Edward's claim to the throne was disputed because in French law it was stated that the line of succession could not pass through a female line. Philippe VI then declared that all of the English held lands in France were forfeit. These events were the start of conflict between England and France that would last (on and off) for more than one hundred years.9
See Also
| Start of the Hundred Years' War
Relations between England and France were not good. Philippe VI of France had sent ships to help the Scots who were attacking English merchant shipping and ports. There was a threat that the French would invade England. Edward III then laid a claim to the French throne. The claim centred on the fact that his mother Isabella was the daughter of Philippe IV. All of Philippe IV's sons (John I, Philippe V and Charles IV) had died without passing the French throne onto a son. On his death-bed Charles IV designated Philippe of Valois, his first cousin, as regent. Charles' wife was expecting a child and it was hoped that the child would be a boy. The child was a girl and Philippe of Valois claimed the throne for himself. Edward's claim to the throne was disputed because in French law it was stated that the line of succession could not pass through a female line. Philippe VI then declared that all of the English held lands in France were forfeit. These events were the start of conflict between England and France that would last (on and off) for more than one hundred years.
|
| |
|
|
1338
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Wells Cathedral scissor arches
The Scissor arches were added to prevent the collapse of the central tower.
See Also
Construction of Ford Castle
Sir William Heron started building work on Ford Castle in Northumberland 10
Qtr 1
-
French attack English ports
Philippe used Genoese troops to attack ports on the south coast of England including Southampton, Plymouth, Hastings and Rye. The attacks reached right around the coast as far as Bristol.3
See Also
Apr
-
A comet seen in Europe
A second? comet trailing fire is seen in the skies over Europe.3
See Also
Jul
-
Edward invades France
Edward crossed to Antwerp and attempted an invasion of France.3
See Also
Oct
-
French attacks continue on the south coast
Towns at Dover, Folkestone, Harwich, Hastings, Portsmouth, Rye, and the Isle of Wight were attacked and many merchant ships were destroyed. The attackers even sailed into Portsmouth harbour pretending to be English by raising English flags and sacked the town.
See Also
Nov 29
-
Lionel born to Queen Philippa
Queen Philippa gave birth to another son. The child was born in Antwerp.3
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1339
|
Mar 12
-
French attack Jersey
The French attack Gorey Castle on the island of Jersey but the castle's garrison held out and fought off the invaders.
See Also
Mar 23
-
French plan invasion
Philippe of France and the Normandy elite planned an invasion of England. Their invasion force consisted of around 20,000 to 25,000 men.
See Also
Jul
-
French attack Dover
A French fleet attacked Dover, Folkestone and Sandwich but they were driven back to France. Boulogne was attacked in revenge.3
See Also
Sep
-
Edward in Northern France
With the promised help of the counts of Hainault and Namur Edward took his army into Northern France. The counts changed their minds as they had lands to lose if they fought against Philippe. Edward continued without their help and the English confronted the French at La Fremengerie. The French refused to fight and English, short of supplies, turned back.3
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1340
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Universal Crop Failure
Thousands die of starvation. 9
Battle of the Salado River
Portugal and Castile join forces and produce a major victory against the Moors.
See Also
Queen's College Oxford founded.
Queen's College Oxford founded by Robert de Eglesfield.
Building work at Windsor Castle
The Round Tower was rebuilt at Windsor Castle.
See Also
Jan 25
-
Edward declares himself King
In Ghent (Flanders) Edward declared himself as the true King of France. When he left Flanders for England Philippa remained as assurance that money Edward owed would be paid.3
See Also
Mar 29
-
Edward raises taxes
Parliament agreed to raise taxes so that Edward could fund an army to invade France.3
See Also
Jun 24
-
Battle of Sluys
A naval battle between the English and French. The French tried to prevent the English ships landing at Flanders. The French were defeated by Edward's forces. Edward did not follow up with the advantage.
See Also
Jul
-
Siege of Tournai
Edward besieged the important French town of Tournai. The town proved impossible to break and when Philippe arrived nearby with an army a truce was agreed. The truce with mediated by Philippe's sister who was also Edward's mother-in-law. The truce lasted until June of 1341.3
See Also
Sep 25
-
Treaty of Esplechin
A peace treaty between Edward III and Philippe VI of France. Edward had large debts and further campaigning was not possible so he accepted that the truce between the two kings was the best course of action. This treaty marks the end of the first section of the Hundred Years War.
See Also
Nov
-
Edward dismisses his Chancellor
Edward travelled back to England and came ashore at the Tower of London. He was horrified to find the castle unguarded. His anger did not stop with those in charge at the Tower. Edward sacked many of his advisors including the Chancellor, John Stratford, the Archbishop of Canterbury.3
See Also
| Windsor castle dates back to 1075 when William the Conqueror first built a castle on an existing chalk mound over looking the river Thames. Early Norman castles were built from wood, but it seems that at Windsor, because the base of the mound was so strong, a stone castle was used instead. The castle that William built consisted of a shell keep built around the mound, and two baileys, one to the east of the mound, and one to the west. |
| |
|
|
1341
|
Spring
-
Edward raises funds
To raise funds for further French expeditions Edward had to confront Parliament. Parliament insisted that Edward reconfirmed various ancient charters.3
See Also
Jun
-
David II returns to Scotland
Edward Balliol is forced to leave Scotland when David II returns from France to claim the Scottish throne.8
See Also
Jul
-
Edward goes north
Edward went north to deal with the threat posed by David's return to Scotland.3
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1342
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Clement VI becomes Pope
(More...)
Jan
-
Truce agreed with David II
Edward III and David II agreed to peace and Edward returns to London.3
See Also
Oct
-
Edward and Brittany
Edward sailed to Brittany to assist English troops already there. They were supporting Jean de Montfort's claim to be the Duke of Brittany. Philippe, king of France, disputed this claim and supported his own contender to the title. Edward left his eldest son in charge of England while he was away.3
See Also
Dec
-
Siege of Vannes
Edward had to control Vannes if he was to hold Brittany and he laid siege to the city. The city did not fall to the English.3
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1343
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Rochester Cathedral Tower
Under the direction of Bishop Hamo de Hythe the construction of a new central tower was begun 11
See Also
Jan
-
Treaty of Malstroit
After a hard winter without any new gains in France Edward signed a new peace treaty with the French and returned to England.3
See Also
May 12
-
The Black Prince becomes Prince of Wales
Edward, the Black Prince, was bestowed with the title of Prince of Wales by his father Edward III at a ceremony at Westminster.3
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1344
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Construction of Chillingham Castle
Building work on Chillingham Castle was started by Sir Thomas De Heton. 10
Jan 19
-
First Round Table at Windsor
A jousting tournament at Windsor castle may have been the time of the creation of the Order of the Garter based on the King Arthur's knights of the Round Table. The formal creation of the Order occurred in 1348.12
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1346
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Maxstoke Castle licence to crenellate
Edward gives permission to William de Clinton to build a castle. 12
See Also
Jan 1
-
Edward III orders an invasion fleet
Edward III gave the order that an invasion fleet should be assembled at Portsmouth harbour.3
See Also
Jul 5
-
Edward departs from Southampton
Edward III's invasion fleet finally left harbour, delayed by bad weather earlier in the year. Estimates of the number of men Edward took with him vary but could have been around 20,000. This would have required hundreds of ships to transport them all.3
See Also
Jul 12
-
Edward III lands in Normandy
Edward's invasion fleet landed on the north west coast of Normandy at Saint-Vaast de la Hougue on the Cotentin Peninsula (also known as the Cherbourg Peninsula). Edward stayed there for several days while the large army came ashore.3
See Also
Jul 17
-
Devastation of Normandy
Edward III's army began their march east across Normandy attacking and destroying French towns as they went. Those towns that did not surrender were shown no mercy and when they fell to the English many of the inhabitants were killed. Other towns surrendered to avoid bloodshed. Many hostages were taken and shipped back to England so that ransom money could be demanded. The English fleet sailed along the coast at the same time destroying French ships and attacking ports os they went.
See Also
Aug
-
Edward III crosses the Seine
Philippe VI had ordered bridges across the Seine to be destroyed so that Edward could not cross the river. Edward marched south towards Paris but at Poissy his engineers managed to repair the bridge. His army crossed the river and turned north.
See Also
Aug 26
-
Battle of Crecy
Under Edward III, the English forces defeated a superior French army at Crecy. Estimates give the English numbers at around 12,000 and a French contingent at 36,000. The English longbow made its mark in the battle against the armour of the French knights.
See Also
Sep 4
-
Siege of Calais
Edward III began the siege of Calais that would last for almost a year. The governor of the town was man called Jean de Vienne. Edward demanded that the town should surrender but de Vienne refused, hoping that the town walls would hold the English out until Philippe VI could come to their rescue. The English set up camp around the town and arranged for supplies to be brought from England. Wooden houses were also built to house the soldiers while they waited. Philippa, the Queen even joined her husband at the camp.
See Also
Oct 17
-
Scots defeated at Neville's Cross
During Edward III's absence on the campaign of Crecy the Scottish king David II was approached by the French King Philippe VI of Valois to invade England. David II did so and advanced south but at Neville's Cross they met a band of monks, priests and land workers who managed to defeat the Scottish army. The band were led by the archbishop of York William Zouche. David II was captured and sent to London to be held at the Tower.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1347
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
The Black Death
Kipchak Mongols besieging a Genoese trading centre on the Crimean coast catapulted their own dead into the city. The cause of death was a mysterious disease. The Genoese escaped by sea taking the 'Black Death' with them. They landed at Messina in Sicily. Bubonic plague, which the Black Death was, was spread by the rat flea. The name Black Death came from the colour of the swelling in the groin, armpit or neck. The person suffering went into a coma and dies soon after. In Europe an estimated 25 million people died. The plague reached Britain in 1348 and again in 1360 and the population may have been reduced by a half. 9
See Also
Aug
-
Calais captured by the English
Philippe VI finally arrived at Calais and challenged Edward III to a fight. Edward agreed but instead Philippe withdrew abandoning the town to the English. The governor, Jean de Vienne, had no other option other than to surrender the town to Edward. The town's leaders should have been executed according to siege rules because they refused to surrender when first asked, but Edward spared their lives and they were taken as hostages. The town of Calais was emptied of all its citizens and all their property was confiscated. Edward then made Calais English territory and sent word to England that anyone who wanted to live in Calais was welcome as long as they could get there quickly.
See Also
Sep
-
Edward accepts truce
Edward III accepted a truce with France as the efforts abroad had been exhausting and he returned to England. Edward's popularity was high. He had beaten the French at Crecy and in his absence the Scots had been defeated at Neville's Cross.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1348
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Founding of the Order of the Garter
King Edward III of England established the Order of the Garter, the first English order of knighthood. Based on the Knights of the Round Table and King Arthur. The name of the order is supposed to have originated when Edward III picked up a garter that had been lost on the dance floor during a banquet. Edward tied the garter around his own leg telling all present not to pass judgement. The garter may have belonged to the beautiful Joan of Kent. Joan was later to marry Edward's son, the Black Prince.
See Also
Construction of Maxstoke Castle
Building work on Maxstoke Castle in the Midlands was begun by William De Clinton. 10
Water gate built at Tower of London
Edward III had a water gate constructed at the base of the Cradle Tower. This allowed access to royal apartments directly from the river.
See Also
Apr 23
-
Creation of the Order of the Garter
On St. George's Day at Windsor Castle, the Order of the Garter was created. The initial Knights of the Order were: The King (Edward III); the Prince of Wales (The Black Prince); Henry, Earl (afterwards Duke) of Lancaster; Thomas Beauchamp, 3rd Earl of Warwick; the Captal of Buch; Ralph, Lord Stafford; Motacute, Earl of Salisbury; Sir Roger Mortimer; Sir John (afterward Lord) Lisle; Sir Bartholomew (afterwards Lord) Burghershe; Sir John Beauchamp; Lord Mohun; Sir Hugh Courtenay; Sir Thomas Holland; Lord Grey; Sir Richard FitzSimon; Sir Myles Stapleton; Sir Thomas Wales; Sir Hugh Wrottesley; Sir Neel Loryng; Sir John Chandos; Sir James Audley; Sir Otho Holland; Sir Henry Eam; Sir Sanchete d'Ambrichecourt; and Sir Walter Paveley.12
See Also
Jun
-
The Plague reaches England
The plague reached the shores of England first at Melcombe Regis in Dorset. By winter of the year, the plague had reached London.13
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1349
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Meaux Abbey hit by epidemic
From the Chronicles of Meaux Abbey came the report saying 'Meaux Abbey suffered so severely that thirty-two monks, and seven conversi died, the majority being taken in the month of August.' 14
See Also
Earthquake
From the Chronicles of Meaux Abbey came the report saying 'during Lent, six days before Easter Sunday, there occurred an earthquake throughout the whole of England so great that the monks of Melsa were thrown so violently from their stalls that they all lay prostrate on the ground.' 14
See Also
Summer
-
The Plague is at its peak
The peak of the plague was reached in the summer of 1349. Estimates of a third of the population dying from the infection have been made but being accurate is very difficult. 13
See Also
Qtr 3
-
Spanish fleet sail up English Channel
Spain had signed a naval treaty with France and a fleet of Spanish galleys sailed past France and up the English Channel attacking English ships as it went.
See Also
|
|
|
|
|
Selection of references used:
1. John Harvey, English Cathedrals, 1961 2. Caroline Bingham, The Life and Times of Edward II 3. Hubert Cole, The Black Prince, 1976, 0 246 10778 2 4. Alan LLoyd, The Hundred Years War 5. John Harvey, The Black Prince and his age, 0 7134 3148 2 6. David Green, The Black Prince 7. T.F. Tout, The History of England 8. Susan Ross, The Castles of Scotland, 0 85097 184 5 9. John J. Robinson, Born in Blood, 0-87131-602-1 10. James Forde-Johnston, Great Medieval Castles of Britain, 1979 11. T. Francis Bumpus, The Cathedrals of England and Wales, 1934 12. E.B.D'Auvergne, The English Castles, 1926 13. M H Keen, England in the Later Middle Ages, 0-415-02783-7 14. John Timbs & Alexander Gunn, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North), 1872
|
|
|
StumbleUpon