|
|
|
| |
|
1225
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Beeston Castle begun
returning from a spell crusading, Ranulf, the fifth Earl of Cheshire starts the construction of the castle at Beeston.
See Also
Salisbury Choir
Work on the Choir at Salisbury Cathedral started in 1225 and lasted until 1237. 1
See Also
|
The construction of Beeston Castle was started in 1225 by Earl Ranulf, the sixth Earl of Cheshire, on the 500ft summit of the outcrop of rock. The location was originally the site of a settlement dating back to the Bronze Age. The climb to the top of the castle is not for the faint hearted, but the view from the top is well worth the effort. |
| |
|
|
1226
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
York Minster South Transept
Building work on the South Transept of York Minster until 1241. 1
See Also
Grace Dieu Abbey founded
This was a daughter house of the Cistercian abbey at Dore near Hereford. The foundation would have been earlier but the abbey was attacked and burnt by the Welsh in 1223. The abbey was situated near Monmouth, but no real remains can be seen.
See Also
Lady Chapel at Hereford
From around 1226 until 1246, construction of the Lady Chapel at Hereford cathedral was undertaken.
See Also
Louis IX becomes King of France
At twelve years old, upon the death of his father, Louis IX became king of France. 2
See Also
Blance of Castile rules France
When Louis IX became king of France he was too young to rule. His mother, Blance of Castile, ruled France on his behalf.
See Also
|
The Norman invasion brought some stability and in 1080 under Bishop Losinga, rebuilding work began on the Cathedral which had been in ruins since the Welsh attack. There is a chair here supposed to be the chair used by King Stephen at his royal proclamation, in 1138. |
| |
|
|
1227
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Balmerino Abbey founded
The Scottish Cistercian abbey built by monks from Melrose abbey. The abbey is situated on the shores of the Firth of Tay. 3
Gregory IX becomes Pope
(More...)
|
| |
|
|
1228
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
The Sixth Crusade (1228-9)
The Sixth Crusade was won with diplomacy by Frederick II, who had married the heiress of Jerusalem in 1225. He went to the East to claim his right to the throne, and taking advantage of internal disputes between the Sultan's family members, concluded the Treaty of Jaffa, which gave Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth back to the Christians. 4
See Also
Stephen Langton dies
On the death of Stephen Langton, the archbishop of Canterbury, the Pope, attempting to raise as much money from the clergy in England filled senior posts in the clergy with anyone who bidded the highest. 5
See Also
Henry III visits Woodstock.
Henry spent time at the Palace of Woodstock. 6
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1230
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Wells Cathedral West Front Started
Building of the West Front of Wells Cathedral was begun.
See Also
Wells Cathedral West Front
Work commenced on the West Front of Wells Cathedral. 1
See Also
Rievaulx Abbey rebuilding work
Rebuilding work commenced at Rievaulx Abbey.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1231
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Tattershall Castle construction
Construction of the castle at Tattershall.
See Also
Qtr 1
-
Hubert de Burgh in Wales
Hubert de Burgh had become a powerful Lord in the Welsh Marshes, controlling castles such as Cardigan and Carmarthen. He began to threaten the local Welsh leaders.
See Also
Aug 13
-
Simon de Montfort takes possession of his land
Henry III ordered the sheriffs of Hampshire, Dorset and Wiltshire to give Simon de Montfort the possession of the lands of his father, the Earl of Leicester.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1232
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Henry III removes Hubert de Burgh
Henry III was persuaded to remove Hubert de Burgh. Hubert escaped from prison and took refuge in a church at Devizes. After being dragged from the church Hubert was re-imprisoned. The bishop of Salisbury forced the Government to return Hubert to the church where his supporters rescued him.
See Also
Peter des Rievaulx becomes treasurer
Peter des Rievaulx, the nephew of the Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, is made treasurer of the Henry III's household and keeper of the king's wardrobe. This moved him into an extremely important position for controlling the king's affairs. 5
See Also
Oaks given to Gloucester
Henry III donated one hundred and ten oaks from the forest of Dean to help in repair work at Gloucester church.
See Also
Lacock Abbey founded
Lacock Abbey in Wiltshire was founded by Ela, Countess of Salisbury, the widow of William Longespee, the son of Henry II. 7
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1233
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Earl of Pembroke's revolt
Richard, Earl of Pembroke in alliance with Llewelyn of Wales join forces to fight Henry III. (Details required). 8
See Also
Qtr 1
-
Baronian rebellion
With the introduction of Peter de Roches as justiciar and the removal of Hubert de Burgh, the control of the Exchequer was under Poitevin control and possibly reversed the gains created by the Magna Carta in 1215. Henry was given control of central administration. This angered the Barons and a group led by Richard Marshall, Earl of Pembroke opposed the changes. Henry was able to deal with the Barons.8
See Also
Nov
-
Rout of Henry's army
Henry III's army was camped at Grosmont Castle when they were attacked in the night by a force of Welsh and English rebels. Several of Henry's supporters were captured and the castle was returned to Hubert de Burgh, one of the rebels.9
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1235
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Henry III at Woodstock
Henry spent time at the Palace of Woodstock. 6
See Also
Leopards at the Tower
The Tower of London was home to a menagerie of exotic animals given to the monarchs of England as gifts. In this year three leopards were given to Henry III. 10
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1236
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Canterbury Cloister building work
Canterbury Cloister building work. 1
See Also
The Pope condemns links to the Assassins
Pope Gregory IX condemned the links that both the Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller had with the Assassin fighters in the Middle East. He issued a Bull (a formal proclamation issued by the pope) preventing further contact with the Assassins. 11
See Also
Wisbech Castle damaged by storm
The town and castle at Wisbech were hit by a fierce storm. 9
See Also
Jan 4
-
Henry marries
Henry married Eleanor, one of four daughters of Raymond count of Provence. Eleanor was 14 years old. Simon de Montfort, as Lord High Steward, took care of the banquet and kitchen arrangements.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1237
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Beeston Castle claimed by Henry
With the death of the last male heir of the Earldom of Cheshire, the earldom and castle at Beeston are claimed by Henry III. The castle was too important not to be in the hands of the crown.
See Also
Transepts and Nave of Salisbury Cathedral
Construction of the major transept and nave of Salisbury Cathedral started in 1237 and lasted until 1258. Salisbury Cathedral has a smaller choir transept. 1
See Also
Lincoln tower collapses
During a sermon by one of the canons of the cathedral, the newly finished central tower collapsed burying some of the congregation.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1238
|
Jan
-
Simon marries Henry's sister
Simon de Montfort married Henry III's sister, Eleanor secretly. She had been married to William, Earl of Pembroke (son of William Marshal?), but he died early and left her with his wealth. The Barons were not happy with this arrangement as they were not consulted.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1239
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Theobald of Champagne's Crusade
The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and the King of Navarre was a French expedition that did little, except obtain concessions from Damascus in Galilee, and Ascalon from Egypt. Richard of Cornwall, the brother of Henry III, arrived after Theobald had left, but managed to strengthen both concessions in Galilee, and the fortifications at Ascalon. 4
Wells Cathedral dedication of church
The church at Wells was dedicated in this year, but did not get its status as a Cathedral until 1244.
See Also
Jun
-
Edward (I) is born
Edward was the first son born to Henry III and Eleanor of Provence and was born at the Palace of Westminster. Simon de Montfort was chosen as his godfather by Henry III.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1240
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
North Transept of Rochester Cathedral
Work on the north transept between 1240 and 1255. 1
See Also
Building work at St. Paul's complete
The central tower and the choir had been rebuilt during the first part of the thirteenth century and by 1240, building work was completed. Some changes were made at the end of this century, but then no major alterations occurred until after the Reformation.
See Also
Chapter-house as Lichfield
The Chapter-house at Lichfield has two storeys, the lower one for the meetings and the upper one for the library. The building is roughly octagonal in shape, but two sides are double the length of the others.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1241
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Henry entertains at Woodstock
Henry spent time at Woodstock and entertained Alexander. King of the Scots and the English nobility. 6
See Also
Mar 24
-
Krakow falls to the Mongol army
The alarm had been raised and the citizens of the Polish city of Krakow had all but abandoned their homes when the Mongol army arrived. The city was put to the torch by the Mongols.12
Oct
-
Celestine IV becomes Pope
Celestine IV was Pope for only seventeen days before his death in November
|
| |
|
|
1242
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Henry's finances are criticised
Simon de Montfort is one a twelve man council who met to work out Henry's finances. Henry was criticised for his excesses. 5
See Also
Henry tries to retake Poitou
Isabella, Henry's mother persuaded Henry to mount an expedition to retake Poitou. Unable to get money directly from the barons, Henry resorted to extort money from them individually instead (how?). The expedition failed, and after being rescued the Earls of Leicester, Salisbury and Norfolk, Henry retreated to Bordeaux where they spent the winter. 5
See Also
Chapel of the Nine Altars
The Chapel of the Nine Altars in built on the east end of Durham Cathedral between 1242 and 1280. 1
See Also
York Minster North Transept
Building work on the North Transept of York Minster until 1255. 1
See Also
Oct
-
Earl Richard's vow
During a violent storm at sea, Richard, Earl of Cornwall, vowed to build a Religious house if he survived. He did survive and as a result Hailes Abbey was built.
See Also
| |
| |
|
|
1243
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Innocent IV becomes Pope
(More...)
Spring
-
Simon de Montfort gets custody of Kenilworth castle
Henry III bestowed the custody of Kenilworth castle to Simon de Montfort. Simon's wife Eleanor (Henry's sister) already owned Odiham Castle so Simon had two of the strongest fortresses in England under his control.5
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1244
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Bishop of Bath and Wells
The Pope decreed that Wells should be reinstated as a Cathedral and the Bishop became the Bishop of Bath and Wells.
See Also
Aug
-
Jerusalem falls.
With the fall of Jerusalem and the crushing defeat of the Christian armies at Gaza, Louis IX took the cross and prepared for a Crusade. (It took him four years to set sail).13
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1245
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Carpini, the Christian envoy, travels to the Mongol Empire
Carpini, a Christian envoy travelled to the seat of the Mongol Emperor at Karakoram and another, Roubrouck followed in 1253. 14
See Also
Rebuilding of Westminster Abbey
Henry started the work of rebuilding Westminster Abbey as a tribute to Edward the Confessor. 15
See Also
Carlisle Cathedral building work
Work on the choir, aisles and arcading began and construction lasted until 1292 when a fire badly damaged the Cathedral. 1
See Also
Bigods take Chepstow Castle
When Maud, the last of the Marshal line, died in 1245 Chepstow Castle was passed to her son Roger Bigod II, Earl of Norfolk. 9
See Also
Katla Volcano Eruption
Eruption of the large Icelandic volcano. 16
See Also
|
Chepstow Castle is situated on the mouth of the river Wye and is the gate-house to the Vale of Wye. Built by William or his son Roger Fitz Osbern on a high cliff overlooking the river the castle was well situated to control movements and as a base for further exploration of Wales. |
| |
|
|
1246
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Hailes Abbey begun
Twenty monks and ten lay brothers (monks who performed manual tasks) arrived at Hailes to start work on the new Abbey.
See Also
Peter de Savoy granted Pevensey Castle
Henry III granted Pevensey castle to the Queen's uncle, Peter de Savoy, Earl of Richmond.
See Also
Beaulieu Abbey dedicated
The Cistercial abbey at Beaulieu founded earlier by King John was dedicated in the presence of King Henry III, Queen Eleanor and Prince Edward. 17
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1247
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
Henry receives a relic
Henry received a relic from the patriarch of Jerusalem consisting of a portion of the blood of Christ in a crystal vase. Henry walked with the vase in his hands clothed in a course robe from the treasury in St. Paul's to the church of Westminster where mass was said. He was assisted by attendants on both sides in case he slipped and dropped the vase.
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1248
|
Events occurring at some time during this year
The Seventh Crusade (1248-54)
After the Christians were defeated at Gaza in 1244, Louis IX of France (St. Louis) took the cross. He actually managed to set sail for Cyprus, his base some four years later. Landing at Damietta in June 1249, Louis, he to wait until the Nile floods had reduced before continuing for Cairo. Held up and cut off from Damietta, Louis' camp was struck with disease and most were killed or captured. Louis was taken prisoner, and had to pay a ransom to be freed. 4
See Also
Bath Lady Chapel
Construction of the Lady Chapel between 1248 to 1264. 1
Blance of Castile rules France
While her son, Louis IX of France, was away taking part in the Crusades Blance of Castile ruled France. She did this until her death in 1252. 18
See Also
|
| |
|
|
1249
|
Jul 8
-
Alexander II of Scotland dies
Alexander raised an army and sailed to the Hebrides to regain control of them from Norway, he wanted to end the agreement alliance between the Lord of Argyll and the Norwegians. Alexander became ill on the voyage and was unable to recover. He died on the island of Kerrera.
See Also
Jul 9
-
Alexander III became King of the Scots
Alexander was crowned at Scone.
See Also
|
|
|
|
|
Selection of references used:
1. John Harvey, English Cathedrals, 1961 2. Duc de Castries, The lives of the Kings and Queens of France, 0 297 77676 2 3. Various, The Cistercian Abbeys of Britain, 1998, 0-7134-8392-X 4. T. Wise & G.A. Embleton, Armies of the Crusades, 0-85045-125-6 5. Elizabeth Luckock and Caroline Gundy, Simon de Montfort, 1969, 08 008236 6 6. Timbs & Gunn, Abbeys, Castles & Ancient Halls of England & Wales 7. John Timbs & Alexander Gunn, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North), 1872 8. M.T.Clanchy, England and its Rulers 9. John Kinross, Discovering Castles in England and Wales 10. Richard Cavendish, Kings and Queens The Concise Guide, 978-0-7153-2376-2 11. T. Wise, The Wars of the Crusades 12. Robert Marshall, Storm from the East, 1993, 0 583 36338 X 13. BBC Publication, Background to the Crusades 14. Mike Rosen, The Travels of Marco Polo, 1-85210-324-8 15. John Chancellor, The Life and Times of Edward I, 1981 16. www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1702-03=&volpage=erupt, Global Volcanism Program 17. Abbot Gasquet, The Greater Abbeys of England, 1908 18. Robert Fawtier (translation by Lionel Butler and R J Adam), The Capetian Kings of France, 1966
|
|
|
StumbleUpon