| | Catherine Parr was the sixth and final wife of Henry VIII. She had been made a widow twice by former marriages and was in her early thirties. Henry proposed to catherine and she accepted although she was in love with Thomas Seymour (brother of Jane Seymour?). Henry and Catherine were married on the 12th of July, 1543. Henry's health was poor due to the leg injury he had suffered when he fell from his horse and Catherine took on the role of his nurse. Catherine also became step-mother to his three children Edward, Mary and Elizabeth who she brought together as as family. Catherine and Henry had a dispute over religion and Henry ordered Catherine's arrest. The dispute was settled and the arrest order was cancelled. After Henry died Catherine married Thomas Seymour. She died in 1548. |
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Born:
Died: 1136
| Hugh de Payens, a knight from Burgundy, is regarded as the founding member of the Knights Templar. He and his fellow knights were granted dwellings in Jerusalem near the Dome of the Rock which was believed to be the site of the Temple of Solomon. | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1119 - 1136 | Hugues de Payen: Master of the Temple
| | | Hugues de Payen became the Master of the Temple. | | | Knights Templar order founded in Jerusalem
| | | Knights Templar order founded in Jerusalem, by Hugues de Payen. | | 1126 | | Hugues de Payen travels West
| | | Hugues de Payen travels west to obtain more authority of the Order. | | 1128 | | Templar Church in London
| | | Hugh de Payens may have been granted the land for the first Temple Church in London at this time. Consisting of an orchard, a cemetery, a round church. The position was possibly at the end of Chancery Lane. The temple was moved in 1161. | | 1128 - 1129 | Hugues de Payen visits Scotland and England
| | | During late 1128 and early 1129, Hugues de Payen visited both Scotland (David I ?) and England where he was apparently donated both land and money. At this time, the original Temple in Holborn (London) outside Holborn bars was built. It consisted of gardens, orchard, boundary ditch and cemetary, and was the first round church. In 1161 the site was moved to the New Temple between Fleet street and the Thames. | | Jan | Council of Troyes takes place
| | | The Council of Troyes took place. Its aim was to consider the claim of the Knights Templars represented by Hugues de Payen and Andre de Montbard and was brought about by Bernard of Clairvaux. The Council provided papal approval for the Templars and resulted in many new recruits joining the order. The Order was provided it with its first rule, the Latin Rule. | | Apr | Hugh de Payen visits Fulk of Anjou
| | | Hugh de Payen's travels around France started with a visit to Fulk of Anjou who had become an associate member of the order in 1120. The visit lasted from April to May. | | 1136 | | Hugues de Payen dies
| | | Hugues de Payen died and was succeeded by Robert de Craon as Master of the Temple. |
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Born:
Died: Feb 1408
| ... | See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1401 | | Hotspur takes control in North Wales
| | | Henry IV gave his son Prince Henry, the future Henry V, the task of defeating Glendower in North Wales. As the boy was only 13 years old, Hotspur a knight and jouster of importance was given the role of guardian over the Prince. Hotspur was the son of Henry Percy the Earl of Northumberland. | | 1402 | Sep 14 | Battle of Homildon Hill
| | | The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's. | | 1403 | | Revolt of the Percies
| | | The Percies, led by the Earl of Northumberland and Hotspur announced their intent to revolt against Henry IV. They even promised to free the Scots they had captured at the battle of Homildon if the Scots assisted in the revolt. The plan was to join forces with Owen Glendower and support the claim of the young Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March to the English throne. | | Aug | Earl of Northumberland surrenders
| | | Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland (Hotspur's father) had not managed to reach Shrewsbury in time to save his son. The Earl surrendered to the King, who accepted and showed the Earl mercy. | | 1405 | Feb | Glendower's agreement
| | | Owen Glendower, Edmund Mortimer and the Earl of Northumberland combine forces and share the same goal of removing Henry IV. They agreed to divide England and Wales in three, Owen taking Wales and the west of England, the Earl to take the north of England and the north Midlands. Mortimer could have the rest. | | 1408 | Feb | Battle of Bramham Moor
| | | The end of the Percy's revolt came at the battle of Bramham Moor where the Earl of Northumberland was killed by the Sheriff of Yorkshire. |
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Born:
Died: 21 Jul 1403
| Hotspur was the son of the Henry Percy the Earl of Northumberland. The Percies were a powerful family in the north of England. They assisted Henry Bollingbroke in the overthrowing of Richard II and his accession to the English throne as Henry IV. Hotspur was given the role of guardian to Prince Henry (future Henry V) and in 1401 he accompanied the young Prince to North Wales where they were to subdue the revolt started by Glendower. A disagreement erupted between Hotspur and the King when the King failed to pay Hotspur's men. Hotspur then refused to assist Prince Henry in Wales and went to Scotland to fight the Scots.
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Died at the battle of Shrewsbury. | See AlsoTime Linked People- HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) b. 1367 d. 1413
- Charles (VI, King of France 1380-1422) b. 1338 d. 1422
- Edmund (of Langley, Duke of York) d. 1402
- Anne (of Bohemia) d. 1394
- Neville, Ralph (Earl of Westmorland) b. 1364 d. 1425
- Constance (of Castile) d. 1394
- Katherine (of Lancaster) b. 1372 d. 1418
- Robert (III, King of Scotland 1390-1406) d. 1406
- Sawtrey, William d. 1401
- Mortimer, Edmund d. 1409
- Percy, Henry (Earl of Northumberland) d. 1408
- HENRY (V, King of England 1413-1422) b. 1387 d. 1422
- Edward (Duke of York) d. 1415
- Mortimer, Edmund (5th Earl of March) b. 1391 d. 1425
- Isabella (of France) d. 1409
- Beaufort, John (1st Earl of Somerset) d. 1410
- Beaufort, Joan (daughter of John of Gaunt) b. 1379 d. 1440
Mini Timeline
| 1401 | | Hotspur takes control in North Wales
| | | Henry IV gave his son Prince Henry, the future Henry V, the task of defeating Glendower in North Wales. As the boy was only 13 years old, Hotspur a knight and jouster of importance was given the role of guardian over the Prince. Hotspur was the son of Henry Percy the Earl of Northumberland. | | Jun | Hotspur resigns
| | | After accusing the king of not paying his army, Hotspur resigned his guardianship of the king's son in North Wales and he left to resume fighting the Scots. | | 1402 | Sep 14 | Battle of Homildon Hill
| | | The armies of the Percies and the Scots met at Homildon Hill near Wooler in Northumberland. The Scots were defeated and the Scots' leader the Earl of Douglas was captured. Henry IV wanted Douglas handed over but Hotspur refused. Hotspur was angry with the English king who had refused to pay a ransom for Edmund Mortimer who had been captured by Owen Glendower and who was a friend of Hotspur's. | | 1403 | | Revolt of the Percies
| | | The Percies, led by the Earl of Northumberland and Hotspur announced their intent to revolt against Henry IV. They even promised to free the Scots they had captured at the battle of Homildon if the Scots assisted in the revolt. The plan was to join forces with Owen Glendower and support the claim of the young Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March to the English throne. | | Jul 21 | Battle of Shrewsbury
| | | Henry IV managed to reach Shrewsbury just before Hotspur arrived and the rebel army had to camp outside the town to the north. The battle lasted all day but it ended when Hotspur was killed. |
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| | Following Pope Urban's speech at Clermont, Peter the Hermit, a simple man with a powerful ability to move people by his words, started his own Crusade. His army of followers were eager to go to Jerusalem with promises of absolution and freedom from a life of hunger and deprivation. The army's journey across land was not without its problems, due to the huge number of people travelling at the same time. Nearing Byzantine, the army was attacked by professional soldiers after a dispute and almost a quarter of Peter's men were killed. At Constantinople, the Emperor Alexius welcomed the army, but soon ordered them to move on due to their lack of discipline and repeated attacks and thefts from surrounding villages. Alexius warned Peter to wait for better trained troops to arrive before attacking the Turks, but was ignored. The army camped at Cibotos where it was decided to wait for the Turks to attack. But a group led by Geoffrey Burel, tired of waiting spurred the army into action and went in search of the Turks instead. The undisciplined army soon fell into an ambush and turned an ran. The Turks had the advantage and chased the Crusaders back to their camp killing many of them. A couple of thousand managed to escape back to a castle near the sea-shore, where after a brief siege were rescued by Alexius' warships once he had received news of their disaster. Peter's Crusade was over. | See AlsoMini Timeline
| 1096 | Qtr 1 | Peter the Hermit's (or People's) Crusade
| | | Following Pope Urban's speech at Clermont Peter the Hermit, a simple man with a powerful ability to move people by his words, started preaching for Christians to help their fellow Christians in the East. He started to gain a large number of followers eager to go to Jerusalem with promises of absolution and freedom from a life of hunger and deprevation. His followers were poor, not prepared for the journey and not armed. | | Jul | Peter reaches Byzantium
| | | At Constantinople the Emperor Alexius welcomed Peter's army but there were too many people and no provision had been made for them. There was a general lack of discipline that resulted in repeated attacks and thefts from surrounding villages. Alexius warned Peter to wait for better trained troops to arrive before moving on but the pressure of the army was so great on Constantinople that they were forced to move before help could arrive. |
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Born: 21 May 1527
Died: 1598
| Philip of Spain was the son of emporer Charles V. In 1554 Philip married Queen Mary I, Queen of England. Part of the marriage agreement was that Philip had no rights to the English throne if Mary died without having any children, and in that case Elizabeth, Mary's half-sister, would become Queen of England. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
Mini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1369
| Married Edward III. | | Family Tree Details | | |  Philippa (of Hainault) ( - d.1369)
+EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
=Edward (The Black Prince) (b.1330 - d.1376)
| +Joan (of Kent) ( - d.1385)
| =RICHARD (II, King of England 1377-1399) (b.1367 - d.1400)
| +Anne (of Bohemia) ( - d.1394)
| +Isabella (of France, Wife of Richard II)
= Isabella (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1382)
=Joan (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1348)
=William (Son of Edward III)
=Lionel (of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1368)
| +Elizabeth (de Burgh) ( - d.1363)
| =Philippa (daughter of Lionel Duke of Clarence)
| +Edmund Mortimer (3rd Earl of March) ( - d.1381)
| =Roger Mortimer (4th Earl of March) (b.1374 - d.1398)
| =Edmund Mortimer ( - d.1409)
=John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) ( - d.1399)
| +Blanche (of Lancaster) ( - d.1369)
| | =HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
| | | +Mary Bohun
| | | =Henry (V, King of England 1413-1422) (b.1387 - d.1422)
| | | =Thomas (Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1421)
| | | =John (Duke of Bedford) ( - d.1435)
| | | =Humphrey (Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1447)
| | =Philippa (daughter of John of Gaunt)
| | | +John (I, of Portugal)
| | =Elizabeth (daughter of John of Gaunt)
| | +John (Earl of Pembroke - 1389)
| +Constance (of Castile) ( - d.1394)
| | =Katherine (of Lancaster) (b.1372 - d.1418)
| +Catherine Swynford
| =John Beaufort (1st Earl of Somerset) ( - d.1410)
| | +Margaret Holland
| | =Henry Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1418)
| | =John Beaufort ( - d.1444)
| | =Edmund Beaufort (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1455)
| | =Joan Beaufort
| =Henry Beaufort (Bishop of Winchester) ( - d.1447)
| =Joan Beaufort (daughter of John of Gaunt) (b.1379 - d.1440)
| +Ralph Neville (Earl of Westmorland) (b.1364 - d.1425)
| =Cecily Neville
| =Richard Neville (Earl of Salisbury) ( - d.1460)
=Edmund (of Langley, Duke of York) ( - d.1402)
| +Isabella (of Castile)
| =Edward (Duke of York) ( - d.1415)
| =Richard (Earl of Cambridge) ( - d.1415)
| +Anne Mortimer (daughter of Roger, Earl of March)
| =Richard (Duke of York) ( - d.1460)
=Mary (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1362)
=Margaret (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1361)
=Thomas (of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1397)
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See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1326 | Spring | Marriage arranged between Edward and Philippa
| | | Isabella arranged the future marriage between her son Edward and Philippa the daughter of William count of Hainault. Isabella claimed part of Philippa's dowry in advance so that she could finance her invasion of England. | | 1332 | Jun 16 | Isabella born
| | | Isabella, the daughter of Edward III and Philippa of Hainault, was born on this day. | | 1338 | Nov 29 | Lionel born to Queen Philippa
| | | Queen Philippa gave birth to another son. The child was born in Atwerp. | | 1340 | Jan 25 | Edward declares himself King
| | | In Ghent (Flanders) Edward declared himself as the true King of France. When he left Flanders for England Philippa remained as assurance that money Edward owed would be paid. | | 1346 | Sep 4 | Siege of Calais
| | | Edward III began the siege of Calais that would last for almost a year. The governor of the town was man called Jean de Vienne. Edward demanded that the town should surrender but de Vienne refused, hoping that the town walls would hold the English out until Philippe VI could come to their rescue. The English set up camp around the town and arranged for supplies to be brought from England. Wooden houses were also built to house the soldiers while they waited. Philippa, the Queen even joined her husband at the camp. | | 1355 | Jan 7 | Birth of Thomas of Woodstock
| | | Thomas of Woodstock was born to Philippa and Edward III. | | 1369 | Aug | Queen Philippa dies
| | | Queen Philippa, Edward's wife, died. Edward's affections turned to Alice Perrers who became his mistress and had several illegitimate children. |
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Born:
Died: 29 Jul 1108
| Son of Henry, Philippe became king at the age of eight, and too young to rule was overseen by Baldwin, Count of Flanders, one of Philippe's uncles as regent. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
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| | Philippe Augustus, nicknamed because he was born in August, came to the throne after the death of his father Louis VII in 1180. He took the throne on 18th of September of 1180. | See AlsoMini Timeline
 Click here to see timeline details
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Born:
Died: 1285
| Details. | | Family Tree Details | | | Philippe (III, King of France 1270-1285) ( - d.1285)
+Isabella (of Aragon)
=Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) ( - d.1314)
| +Joan (of Champagne)
| =Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II) ( - d.1358)
| | +EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327) (b.1284 - d.1327)
| | =EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
| | =John (Earl of Cornwall) ( - d.1336)
| | =Joan (Daughter of Edward II)
| | =Eleanor (Daughter of Edward II)
| =Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
| =Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322) ( - d.1322)
| =Charles (IV, the Fair, King of France 1322-1328) ( - d.1328)
=Charles (Count of Valois, Anjou and Maine)
+Margaret (of Anjou, m. Charles Valois)
=Philippe (VI, King of France 1328-1350) ( - d.1350)
+Joan (of Burgundy)
=John (II, King of France 1350-1364) (b.1319 - d.1364)
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See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 29 Nov 1314
| King of France, from 1285 to 1314, Philippe was ruling when the orders to crush the Knights Templars were given. Philippe's financial difficulties which may have led to the downfall of the Templars as Philippr owed them money, was caused by huge expenditure trying to expand his territory. Money was spent on rents, civil servants and military operations. To get some of the money back, Philippe first picked on the Jews and money lenders, whose assets he confiscated and paid to the crown. He then confiscated the assets of the Lombards, Italian bankers within France. The Templars, as the Kings's bankers were a good target, as by removing them, Philippe effectively removed his debt to them. Philippe died in 1314, of a hunting accident, a strange coincidence, as at the burning of the Templar's leaders at the stake, Jaques de Molay was to say that Pope Clement V would die within fory days, and King Philippe would not see in the end of the year. Pope Clement V died on 20 April 1314. Philippe IV was succeeded by three of his sons, Louis X (1314-16), Philippe V (1316-22) and Charles IV (1322-28), but they all died young without sons of their own. They were succeeded by Philippe VI, the start of the Valois line which extended to the end of the sixteenth century. | | Family Tree Details | | | Philippe (IV, The Fair, King of France 1285-1314) ( - d.1314)
+Joan (of Champagne)
=Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II) ( - d.1358)
| +EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327) (b.1284 - d.1327)
| =EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
| | +Philippa (of Hainault) ( - d.1369)
| | =Edward (The Black Prince) (b.1330 - d.1376)
| | =Isabella (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1382)
| | =Joan (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1348)
| | =William (Son of Edward III)
| | =Lionel (of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1368)
| | =John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) ( - d.1399)
| | =Edmund (of Langley, Duke of York) ( - d.1402)
| | =Mary (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1362)
| | =Margaret (Daughter of Edward III) ( - d.1361)
| | =Thomas (of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1397)
| =John (Earl of Cornwall) ( - d.1336)
| =Joan (Daughter of Edward II)
| | +David (II, King of the Scots 1329-1371) ( - d.1371)
| =Eleanor (Daughter of Edward II)
| +Reginald (Duke of Guelderland)
=Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
=Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322) ( - d.1322)
=Charles (IV, the Fair, King of France 1322-1328) ( - d.1328)
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See Also- Episode: Edward II and Piers Gaveston
- Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316)
- Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322)
- Charles (IV, the Fair, King of France 1322-1328)
- Isabella (of France, Wife of Edward II, she-wolf of France)
- Philippe (VI, King of France 1328-1350)
- Balliol, John (King of Scotland 1292-1296)
Time Linked People- Elizabeth b. 1282 d. 1316
- Balliol, John (King of Scotland 1292-1296) d. 1313
- Wallace, William d. 1305
- Bruce, Robert (Earl of Carrick) d. 1304
- Bruce, Robert (the Bruce, I, King of the Scots 1306-1329) b. 1274 d. 1329
- Margaret (of France) d. 1317
- EDWARD (II, King of England 1307-1327) b. 1284 d. 1327
- Gaveston, Piers d. 1312
- Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) d. 1316
- John (I, King of France 1316) b. 1316 d. 1316
- Majorie (Daughter of Robert I, the Bruce) d. 1316
Mini Timeline
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|
Born:
Died: 3 Jan 1322
| Philippe, acting as regent after the death of his brother Louis, took the throne in 1316 after the death of Louis' only son John. Louis had a daughter Joan by an earlier marriage but Philippe ensured that Joan would not become Queen by reinvoking an old law called the Salic Law that stated a woman should not succeed to the throne. During his short reign Philippe brought about many administrative reforms and attempted to impose income taxes of twenty percent. He died of tuberculosis in 1322 and was succeeded by his brother Charles. | | Family Tree Details | | | Philippe (V, the Tall, King of France 1316-1322) ( - d.1322)
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See AlsoTime Linked People- Gaveston, Piers d. 1312
- Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) d. 1316
- John (I, King of France 1316) b. 1316 d. 1316
- Majorie (Daughter of Robert I, the Bruce) d. 1316
- Thomas (Earl of Lancaster) d. 1322
- Despenser, Hugh (the younger) d. 1326
- Balliol, Edward (King of Scotland 1332) b. 1283 d. 1364
- Walter (6th High Steward) d. 1325
- Charles (IV, the Fair, King of France 1322-1328) d. 1328
- Mortimer, Roger (of Wigmore) d. 1330
Mini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1350
| King of France from 1328 until 1350. Philippe was the first of the Valois line of kings that reigned until the end of the sixteenth century. Philippe's succession to the throne was not uncontested. The three previous monarchs were the sons of Philippe IV (the Fair) who had died in 1314 and none of them had produced a male heir. Charles, the previous king, had nominated Philippe as regent and to take the thone. Philippe was Charles' first cousin. The succession was contested by Joan (daughter of Louis X) and more importantly by Philippe IV's daughter Isabella of France who had married Edward II, the king of England. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
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Born:
Died: 1499
| Son of George, Duke of Clarence and Isabel Neville. Edward was nephew of Richard III and his title was the Earl of Warwick and potential heir to the English throne. At the age of ten, after Richard III's defeat at Bosworth and Henry VII becoming king, Edward was arrested and taken to the Tower of London. A man called Lambert Simnel appeared in Ireland in 1499 and claims were made that he was Edward, Earl of Warwick. | | Family Tree Details | | | Edward Plantagenet (Earl of Warwick) ( - d.1499)
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See AlsoTime Linked PeopleMini Timeline
| 1485 | Sep | Earl of Warwick arrested
| | | The 10 year old Earl of Warwick was arrested and sent to the Tower of London. His claim to the English throne was strong and Henry VII wanted him out of the way. |
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| | Illegitimate son of Henry II. | | Family Tree Details | | | Geoffrey Plantagenet (Archbishop of York)
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Mini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1513
| Details to follow. | | Family Tree Details | | | Edmund de la Pole (Earl of Suffolk) ( - d.1513)
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Mini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1491
| Married Elizabeth the sister of Edward IV. | | Family Tree Details | | | |
Mini Timeline
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Born:
Died: 1487
| John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, was the son of Elizabeth, sister to Edward IV. He assisted Lambert Simnel's false claim to be Edward the Earl of Warwick. The real Earl of Warwick had been imprisoned by Henry VII in the Tower of London because he was the newphew of Edward IV and a rightful heir to the English throne. John de la Pole landed in Ireland in May of 1487 with some German mercenaries. The Irish crowned Simnel as Edward VI in Dublin and supported an invasion force. They landed on the Lancashire coast, but Henry was prepared and the two armies met at Stoke on 16th of June. The fight could have gone either way but Henry's army won the battle. Lincoln was killed and Lambert Simnel was captured. | | Family Tree Details | | | John de la Pole (Earl of Lincoln) ( - d.1487)
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See AlsoTime Linked People- EDWARD (V, King of England 1483) b. 1470 d. 1483
- Richard (Duke of York, Prince in the Tower) d. 1483
- Edward (Prince of Wales, son of Richard III) b. 1473 d. 1484
- Eleanor (Stewart) d. 1480
- Joan (Stewart) d. 1480
- Neville, Anne d. 1485
- James (III, King of Scotland 1460-1488) d. 1488
- Stafford, Henry (Duke of Buckingham) d. 1483
- Cecily (Daughter of Edward IV) b. 1469 d. 1507
- Columbus, Christopher b. 1451 d. 1506
- HENRY (VII, King of England 1485-1509) b. 1457 d. 1509
- Pole, John de la (Duke of Suffolk) d. 1491
- Plantagenet, Edward (Earl of Warwick) d. 1499
- Isabella (Stewart) d. 1494
- Elizabeth (of York) d. 1503
- James (IV, King of Scotland 1488-1513) b. 1473 d. 1513
- Arthur (Son of Henry VII) b. 1486 d. 1502
- Warbeck, Perkin d. 1499
Mini Timeline
| 1487 | Jun 16 | Battle of Stoke
| | | Henry VII fourght the Earl of Lincoln and Lambert Simnel at Stoke. The English throne was at stake. Simnel was captured and Lincoln was killed. This battle ended the War of the Roses. |
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Born:
Died: 1450
| William de la Pole was a powerful member of the inner circle of advisers of Henry VI. His dominance came to an end in 1450 when he was accused by Parliament of being the cause of the country's problems and was imprisoned. Henry VI allowed him to be banished rather than executed but as William left the country he was attacked and killed. | See AlsoTime Linked People- Humphrey (Duke of Gloucester) d. 1447
- Beaufort, John d. 1444
- Sir William ap Thomas d. 1445
- Margaret (Stewart) d. 1445
- Margaret (of York, sister of Edward IV) b. 1446 d. 0
- HENRY (VI, King of England 1422-1461, 1470-1471) b. 1421 d. 1471
- Beaufort, Henry (Bishop of Winchester) d. 1447
- Woodville, Edward d. 1448
- Richard (Duke of York) d. 1460
- Beaufort, Edmund (Duke of Somerset) d. 1455
- Neville, Richard (Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker') b. 1428 d. 1471
- Tudor, Edmund (Earl of Richmond) d. 1456
- Margaret (of Anjou) b. 1429 d. 1482
- Neville, Richard (Earl of Salisbury) d. 1460
- Stafford, Humphrey (Duke of Buckingham) d. 1460
Mini Timeline
| 1450 | May | Death of William de la Pole
| | | William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk was accused by Parliament of being the cause of the country's problems. Suffolk was arrested and imprisoned. The King allowed the Duke to be banished rather than executed but as he left the country he was attacked and killed. |
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Born: 1253
Died: 1324
| Marco was supposed to have published a book called 'A Description of the World', telling the stories of his travels overland from Italy to China and by boat along the coast of South-East Asia and India. Marco was born in Venice, at the time one of the most powerful states in Italy.Merchants would travel to the Black Sea where they would exchange jewels, silver and gold for precious goods. Buying silks from China and spices like pepper and ginger. Carpets were also bought from Persia. These were sold back in Venice for a large profit. Marco's father Nicolo and his uncle Matteo were traders and were away when Marco was born. They traveled to China and spent time at the Court of the Great Khan. Marco was fifteen years old when they returned. They told him of the things they had seen and when they left again in 1271, Marco went with them. They left in the summer of 1271 and headed straight to Acre on the Mediterranean coast. While in China, Nicolo and Matteo had met the Great Khan, Kubilai. Impressed by the two men, Kubilai wanted to know more about Christianity and asked Nicolo to go to the Pope to ask for 100 Christian Priests and oil from the Holy Sepulche. Since the death of Pope Clement IV in 1269 there was no Pope, so it was hoped that the Papal Legate at Acre, called Tedaldo would agree. He only agreed to the oil. The Polos started on their journey, but only got to Ayas, 300 kms north of Acre when Tedaldo was elected Pope and sent word that if they returned, he would send two priests with them. The priests joined the Polos but soon turned back at news of fighting between the Christians and the Saracens ahead. The Polos continued north, passing Mount Ararat, the legendary resting place of Noah's Ark. Continuing on to the foothills of Kurdistan, winter drew in and they waited for spring. In the spring they traveled on to northern Persia passing through Tabriz. Turning south, they headed for the port of Hormus, planning to take a ship to China. Heading across barren plains of Persia they were attacked by bandits and luckily escaped with their lives. Once in Hormus, they discovered that the quality of boat building was not up to their standards and worried about their own safety, decided to travel overland. Traveling almost a month north-east, they reached the plain of the Dry Tree, a famous landmark. Here they turned east and traveled through the north-east of Afganistan. By the winter of 1272 they had reached Badakshan and stayed they when Marco became ill. In the spring of 1273, Marco was well again to continue. Finally, the Polos reached the city of Kanchow on the border with China. Messengers were sent to the Great Khan to tell of their arrival, and an escort was sent to take them safely to the Great Khan's court. Marco became very useful to Kubilai and traveled as an emissary, gaining information that other emissaries could not. He became a mixture of spy and diplomat and was sent to Ceylon and India. In 1292, the Khan or Persia, Arghun, asked that he could marry a Mongol princess, Princess Kokachin. The Persians envoy, frightened by news of war on their proposed path back home, were told by the Polos of the safer journey by sea. This was fortunate, as the Polos were looking for a good reason to leave Kubilai's court as he was becoming old and rival barons were becoming jealous of the Polo's influence and power and could easily murder Marco. The Persians agreed to the sea trip and asked the Polos to guide them. The journey was not so safe, and several ships were lost to pirates. Once in Hormus, they found that Arghum had died and Princess Kokachin decided to marry his nephew Ghazan. The Polos traveled north to Trebizond on the Black Sea but were captured and had to pay a large ransom to be freed. Back in Venice, they found that Venice was at war with Genoa and Marco was made the commander of a war galley. At the battle of Curzola, Marco was captured and imprisoned. It was here that he met a writer, Rustichello of Pisa who after hearing Marco's stories, convinces him to write an account of the travels. In 1298, when Marco was released, the book was finished. | Mini Timeline
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