Caerlaverock Castle was captured by Covenanters opposed to Kings Charles I.

Caister Castle, in Norfolk just north of Great Yarmouth, was built around this time by Sir Jon Fastolf. Casiter is one of the first brick built castles in England. ¹

The Normans built a motte and bailey castle on the north side of the River Cam. ¹

King John was at Cambridge Castle before heading north. He left the castle in the hands of Falcasius de Brent. The castle fell into the hands of the rebel barons. ¹

King Edward I stayed two nights at Cambridge Castle. ¹

Lord Rhys held the first eisteddfod at Cardigan Castle after rebuilding work at the fortress was completed.

Hubert de Burgh had become a powerful Lord in the Welsh Marshes, controlling castles such as Cardigan and Carmarthen. He began to threaten the local Welsh leaders.

To assist in controlling Wales, King Edward took control of the castles at Carmarthan and Cardigan from his brother Edmund, the Duke of Lancaster.

William Rufus ordered the construction of a castle at Carlisle because of the thrreat that the Scottish King Malcolm III posed.

After King Stephen gave up the rights to Cumberland after the Treaty of Durham to the Scots, King David made Carlisle his southern capital. The Scottish king made large improvements to the defences of the castle at Carlisle and built a keep.

The areas of Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmoreland were surrendered by Malcolm IV, King of Scotland to King Henry II of England. The lands had been acquired by King David I in 1135 at the Treaty of Durham. Henry took back control of Carlisle Castle from the Scots. ¹

Carrickfergus Castle was built by John de Courcy, the Norman knight who invaded and conquered the Irish region of Ulidia (Ulster). ¹

The castle belonging to the Earl of Ulster was besiged by the English. It did not take long for the castle to fall into English hands.

Robert Monro and a force of some two thousand Scottish soldiers landed in Ireland at Carrickfergus to put down the Irish rebellion.  ¹

Llyewelyn the Great started the construction of this Welsh castle. ¹

Building work on Chillingham Castle was started by Sir Thomas De Heton. ¹

Nest, the wife of Gerald de Windsor, was abducted along with her children possibly from Cilgerrran Castle. She was abducted by one of her own relatives, Owain ap Cadwgan.

The Normans were defeated in battle at Crug Mawr, south west Wales, by a Welsh army. Cilgerran Castle then fell to the Welsh.

King Henry II granted territories of south Wales including Cardiganshire to Rhys, the Prince of Wales. ¹

William Marshall captured the Welsh castle at Cilgerran in Pembrokeshire from the Welsh.

Llewellyn's fight against the Normans continued with the capture of Cilgerran Castle. ¹

William Marshall, the younger, recaptured the castle at Cilgerran from Llywelyn ap Iorwerth.

Edward moved around the Welsh coast to attack and capture the Welsh castle at Criccieth. He then moved on and ordered another castle to be built at Harlech. In the summer of 1283 King Edward provided money to improved the defences at Criccieth Castle. ¹

This Cistercian abbey in north-west Wales was colonised by monks from Cwmhir.