Biographies of lesser people starting with C
The people listed on this page currently have less information so do not warrant a page of their own. As this website evolves and more information is added these people will be promoted to individual pages.
Please note: Portraits on this page are not intented to be accurate depictions of the individuals.
Carloman
Died: 771
arloman was the younger brother of Charlemagne and ruled jointly with Charlemagne when their father Pepin the Short died in 768. Carloman took control of the area known as Neustria, and area to the north of Paris, while Charlemagne took control of Austrasia. The joint rule of the Frankish kingdom ended when Carloman died in 771.Timeline
After the death of his father, Pepin the Short, Charlemagne was given the title King of the Franks at Noyon. He jointly held the position with his brother Carloman who was crowned on the same day. ¹
Charlemange and his brother Carloman had ruled jointly over the Frankish kingdom since the death of their father. When Carloman died in 771, Charelmagne took control of the whole kingdom.
Carloman (II, King of France 879-884)
Died: 884
arloman was the second son of the King of France Louis the Stammerer. When the King died his eldest two sons, Louis and Carloman became joint rulers, ruling the north and south-west. Louis died suddenly in 882 and Carloman ruled France alone until his death in 884. Both brothers died without leaving an heir and the only person with a claim to the throne was Charles, the five-year-old son of Louis the Stammerer. Charles the Fat, the Holy Roman Emperor, was chosen as regent.Timeline
Vikings were again pushing into Europe and King Louis II started a campaign against their advance, but he fell ill and died. He was succeeded by his two sons Louis and Carloman who jointly ruled the areas of France.
Family Tree Details
Carloman (II, King of France 879-884) ( - d.884)
Cavendish, Thomas
Born: 1560 Died: 1592
homas Cavendish was an English explorer who circumnavigated the globe at the end of the sixteenth century. He was born in around 1560 and was the son of a wealthy gentleman. At an early age his father died and Thomas inherited a large amount of money which he quickly spent as a member of the English Court. In order to regain his wealth, Cavendish decided to go to sea. His first voyage in 1585 was taking part in an expedition to found a colony in Virginia on the east coast of North America. To achieve this his bought a ship and sailed under the command of Sir Richard Grenville. On his return Cavendish planned a voyage to emulate the successes of Drake who had sailed into the Pacific Ocean and attacked Spanish ships. In July of 1586 with three ships, the Desire (120 tons), the Content (60 tons) and Hugh Gallant (40 tons), plus a crew of 123 men he set sail from Plymouth towards South America.Timeline
Thomas Cavendish spent Christmas in the harbour on the east coast of Patagonia which he named Port Desire after his ship.
Cecily (Daughter of Edward IV)
Born: 1469 Died: 1507
aughter of Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. In 1473 Cecily was betrothed to James the son of James III, King of Scotland in return for peace on the border between England and Scotland. Cecily was only four at the time and the arrangement would have to wait until both she and James were old enough to marry. After the death of her father Edward, Richard III, Cecily's uncle became king of England. Richard had all of Edward and Elizabeth's children declared illegitimate and arranged a marriage for Cecily to a supporter of his, Ralph Scrope. The reign of Richard came to an end after he was killed at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry VII became king. Henry reversed Richard's declaration that Edward's children were illegitimate and had Cecily's marriage to Scrope annulled. He then arranged a marriage for Cecily to John, Lord Welles, a Lancastrian supporter. After the death of Lord Welles, Cecily married, without the permission of the king, Thomas Kyne. After her death in 1504 Cecily was buried at Quarr Abbey on the Isle of Wight.Timeline
King James III of Scotland agreed that his new born son, James, should marry Edward IV's daughter Cecily. Cecily was only four and the agreement stated that the marriage should wait until both were old enough. Also, if either died before that time, a substitute would be found. This agreement brought peace between Scotland and England until October 1519.
Family Tree Details
Cecily (Daughter of Edward IV) (b.1469 - d.1507)
Celestine (II, Pope)
Died: 9 March 1144
elestine's real name was Guido di Castello. His reign as Pope was short, lasting from September of 1143 until his death in March of the following year. During this short reign his chief act was to absolve King Louis VII of France from an interdict served on the King by Celestine's predecessor Innocent II. Timeline
Three days after the death of Innocent II, Celestine was elected.
Charles (Count of Valois, Anjou and Maine)
on of Philippe III, king of France.Spouses
Children
Siblings (incl. half-siblings)
Family Tree Details
Charles (The Rash, Ruler of Burgundy)
harles became the ruler and Duke of Bugundy after the death of Philippe the Good, Duke of Burgundy in 1467. He married Margaret the sister of Edward IV and Richard III. In 1470 Edward fled to Burgundy after the Earl of Warwick and the Lancastrians conspired against him. Charles remaining neutral until the king of France declared war on Burgundy. The Duke decided to assist Edward reclaim his throne.Timeline
King Edward IV had taken refuge with his brother-in-law Charles, the Duke of Burgundy. Louis of France declared war on Burgundy forcing the Duke to support Edward in his attempt to reclaim the English throne. ¹
King Edward IV and Charles of Burgundy met at Aire where an agreement was reached on support for Edward's return to the English throne. ¹
The plans of King Edward IV to unseat the King of France led to his invasion of France with a force of 10,000 men. He had been promised assistance from the Dukes of Brittany and Burgundy, and the King of Aragon. Unfortunately the Burgundian army did not turn up due to another conflict and Edward was left without sufficient men to proceed.
Charnay, Geoffrey de
ne of the leaders of the Knights Templar at the time of the order's arrest in 1307. Chaucer, Geoffrey
Born: 1340 Died: 1400
anterbury Tales.Timeline
Geoffrey Chaucer begins the Canterbury Tales.
Geoffrey Chaucer died.
¹
Cheng Ho
Born: circa 1371 Died: circa 1436
heng Ho, also known as Zheng He, was a Chinese explorer responsible for China's Ming Dynasty expeditions from 1405 to 1433. He organised seven voyages that dwarfed the West's in size and splender. He was born into a Muslim family with the surname Ma. Cheng Ho was taken from his homeland to serve under the rulers of the dynasty and was castrated at the age of around 10 as part of his recruitment. He served Chu Ti (Zhu Di) one of the Emporer's children and who became the third Ming Dynasty ruler. Timeline
The first of seven voyages left the central coast of China in the summer of 1405 under the command of Cheng Ho. The amada of ships was huge and the size of the ships equally so.
Clement (VI, Pope)
Born: 1292 Died: 1352
fter the death of Benedict on the 25th of April 1342, the Cardinals entered into the Conclave to chose his successor. They unaminously chose Pierre (Peter) Roger, a Cardinal Priest who took the name Clement on becoming Pope. He was born in the castle of Maumont being the son of a lord and at the young age of ten joined the Benedictine monastery La Chaise-Dieu in Auvergne, and area of south-central France. By the age of thirty, after studying in Paris he was awarded the degree of Master of Divinity and was then transferred to Normandy to the Abbey of Fecamp by Pope John XXII and shortly after to take the position of Bishop at Arras. His talents were recognised by the French king, Philippe VI, who made him Keeper of the Seals and Chancellor of France. Peter was transferred to the post of Archbishop of Sens in 1330 by Pope John and then in 1338, was created a Cardinal by his predecessor Benedict XII. Timeline
Peter Roger who chosen by the Cardinals as the successor to Benedict XII.
Due to the length of the year not being an exact number, over time key dates in the calendar were slowly shifting. In an attempt to correct the situation Pope Clement VI invited two senior astronomers to Avignon to come up with a solution. They were Firmin de Belleval and John of Murs. Their suggestions were but forward with a delay until 1349. But the proposals were put aside as the Pope had to contend with more pressing issues such as the Black Death.
Clifford, John (9th Lord Clifford)
Born: 1435 Died: 28 March 1461
ohn Clifford and his father Thomas were both Lancastrians and supporters of King Henry VI, and gained the nickname 'butcher' due to his lack of mercy. After Thomas was killed at the batlle of St. Albans John demanded compensation from the Yorkists for his father's death and later in revenge slew Edmund Plantagenet, the son of Richard of York, after the battle of Wakefield while the young man was begging for his life. John Clifford was killed in battle at Ferrybridge, the day before the major Lancastrian defeat at Towton, while attempting to prevent the Yorkists crossing the river Aire.Timeline
This small battle occurred just before the larger battle of Towton. The Lancastrians were defeated and John Clifford, Lord Clifford was killed.
Clifford, Rosamond
Died: 1176
enry II's mistress. Rosamond was the daughter of a Welsh baron. Henry's wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine was imprisoned in 1173 and it may have been at this time that the affair between Henry and Rosamond began. Rosamond died in 1176, possibly poisoned by Eleanor who had located her secret hide-away at Woodstock. Rosamond was buried at Godstow nunnery where Henry had a shrine built above her tomb. Clito, William
Died: 1128
on of Robert II, Duke of Normandy and Sybilla of Conversano.Timeline
Charles the Good, Count of Flanders, was murdered as he prayed in the church of Saint-Donatien at Bruges. His murder came as a huge shock and, as he did not have a son to inherit his title, the murder started a period of conflict in the region. Several claiments came forward including William of Ypres, Thierry of Alsace and William Clito. William Clito's claim was backed by Louis VI. ¹
Family Tree Details
Clito, William ( - d.1128)
Clyve, John
ohn Clyve was a master mason who lived during the fourteenth century. His main works are at Worcester Cathedral from around 1360 including the nave, the west front, cloister and central tower.Timeline
At Worcester Cathedral work progressed on the vaults of the nave and crossing, the west front, north porch and east cloister until 1395. The work was desiged by the master mason John Clyve. ¹
Conrad (III, Emperor of Germany)
Born: 1093 Died: 1152
onrad III, the Emperor of Germany from 1138, joined Louis VII during the Second Crusade.Timeline
At the Diet of Speyer; the emperor Conrad III took the cross and secured the election of his son Henry as his successor in Germany. He was persuaded to take part in the crusade by the the Abbot of Clairvaux, St. Bernard. ¹
The decision was made to attack Damascus. The armies were assembled in Acre. Present were Baldwin, the Patriarch Fulcher, Kings Louis and Conrad, Archbishops of Caesarea and Nazareth, Masters of the Knights Temple and Hospital. ¹
Hostilities between the French and German leaders of the Second Crusade became such a problem that the German Emperor, Conrad III, abandoned the crusade and returned to Constantinople. The Second Crusade ended in failure. ¹
Conrad (of Montferrat)
Born: circa 1145 Died: 28 April 1192
onrad of Montferrat was a knight from northern Italy where his father, William, Marquis of Monferrat held land. Although he was too old to be fighting, William had travelled to the Holy Land to take part in the Crusades and had joined King Guy of Jerusalem. In 1187 while Conrad travelled to the Holy Land, the Crusaders were heavily defeated at the Battle of Hattin by Saladin, the Muslim leader. At the very point when the Christians could have been totally defeated, Conrad with a small number of knights fought back and helped start the Third Crusade.Timeline
Only ten days after the Crusader defeat at Hattin, Conrad of Montferrat arrived with group of Italian knights at the port of Tyre. He had first attempted to land at Acre unaware that the city had fallen to Saladin and once he learnt the truth he turned to Tyre. When he arrived at Tyre he found that it was under siege and on the brink of surrender. Conrad took charge and defied Saladin to attack even though the Muslim leader threatened to kill Conrad's father, the Marquis of Montferrat who he held prisoner. For the moment Saladin decided against an attack.
Saladin turned his attention back to Tyre and offered Conrad gold and the release of his father if the port was surrendered. After Conrad refused to accept the conditions Saladin first ordered an attack by sea. But the crusaders were well prepared and when the Muslim ships entered the harbour a chain was raised behind them and all onboard were killed. With captured Muslim ships, the crusaders were able to drive back any further seaborne attacks.
Philippe Augustus landed in Acre in an attempt to remove Guy of Lusignan as the King of Jerusalem, and replace him with Conrad of Montferrat. ¹
King Richard I met Guy of Lusignan (King of Jerusalem), Geoffrey (Richard's brother), Bohemund (Prince of Antioch), Raymond (Count of Tripoli), Humphrey of Toron and other knights to discuss the attempt by Philippe II of France to replace Guy of Lusignan with Conrad of Montferrat as the King of Jerusalem. ¹
Conrad of Montferrat was killed by two Assassins disguised as monks as he walked home. The Assassins, one of whom had been captured alive and questioned, had been sent by their leader Sinan. The suspected reasons for the murder are varied, some theories suggest Conrad had intercepted a shipment of wealthy goods bound for the Assassin Order while others suggest Saladin had ordered the murder of both Conrad and Richard I. Some also suggest it was Richard himself who had ordered the murder.
Constance (of Brittany)
Died: 1202
onstance was the daughter of Conan, the duke of Brittany and the marriage to Geoffrey, son of Henry II was arranged while they were babies. They had several children, two of which were Eleanor, the Maid of Brittany, and Arthur who was born after the death of Geoffrey. After Geoffrey's death she married Ranulf de Blondeville, the Earl of Chester. In 1190, before he left for the Holy Land, King Richard, Constance's brother-in-law, nominated Arthur, his nephew, has heir to the English throne. Both France and England wanted to control Brittany so Constance stoked trouble and rebellions across the region. After this she divorced Ranulf and remarried. After Constance's death in 1202, her daughter Eleanor was held a prisoner so that she could not claim the duchy of Brittany which she was entitled to. She was not allowed to marry and have any children and although her captivity was not severe, she was never free. Arthur was murdered in 1203, because he was a serious claimant to the English throne.
Family Tree Details
+Geoffrey (Duke of Brittany) (b.1158 - d.1186)
| = Eleanor (Fair Maid of Brittany) ( - d.1241)
| = Arthur (of Brittany) (b.1187 - d.1203)
+Ranulf (the Crusader) ( - d.1232)
Constance (of Brittany) ( - d.1202)
+Geoffrey (Duke of Brittany) (b.1158 - d.1186)
| = Eleanor (Fair Maid of Brittany) ( - d.1241)
| = Arthur (of Brittany) (b.1187 - d.1203)
+Ranulf (the Crusader) ( - d.1232)
Constance (of Castile)
econd wife of King Louis VII, King of France. Louis and Constance were married shortly after the annulment of Louis' first marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Family Tree Details
Constantine (I, Ruler of the Scots 863 - 877)
Died: 877
onstantine was the son of Kenneth MacAplin, ruler of the Scots, and became King of Scotland when Kenneth's brother Donald died. Dealing with Viking raids occupied much of Constantine's reign. His main opponent was Olaf the White a Viking who was also the King of Dublin. Timeline
Invaders from Scandinavia were a constant threat to the Scots and an invasion in 877 resulted in the death of the Scottish King, Constantine I. He was succeeded by his his brother Aed.
Crinan (Abbot of Dunkeld)
arried Bethoc, the daughter of Malcolm II. Their son became Duncan I, Scottish king from 1034 to 1040.Timeline
Crinan, the Abbot of Dunkfeld, led an uprising against Macbeth in an attempt to put his grandson Malcolm (III) on the Scottish throne. Malcolm was living at the court of Edward the Confessor at the time. Crinian was killed and the uprising failed.
Children
Family Tree Details
+Bethoc
= Duncan (I, Scottish king) ( - d.1040)
+Sybilla
= Malcolm (III, Scottish King 1058-1093) (b.1031? - d.1093)
| +Ingibjorg
| | = Duncan (II, Scottish King 1094) (b.1060 - d.1094)
| +Margaret (of Wessex) ( - d.1093)
| = Edward (Prince of Scotland)
| = Edmund (of Scotland)
| = Edgar (King of Scotland 1097-1107) (b.1074? - d.1107)
| = Alexander (I, King of Scotland 1107-1124) (b.1077 - d.1124)
| = Matilda Edith (of Scotland) (b.1080? - d.1118)
| = David (I, King of Scotland 1124-1153) (b.1085 - d.1153)
| = Mary (of Scotland) (b.1084? - d.1116)
= Donald (III, Scottish King 1094-1097) (b.1032? - d.1099)
Crinan (Abbot of Dunkeld)
+Bethoc
= Duncan (I, Scottish king) ( - d.1040)
+Sybilla
= Malcolm (III, Scottish King 1058-1093) (b.1031? - d.1093)
| +Ingibjorg
| | = Duncan (II, Scottish King 1094) (b.1060 - d.1094)
| +Margaret (of Wessex) ( - d.1093)
| = Edward (Prince of Scotland)
| = Edmund (of Scotland)
| = Edgar (King of Scotland 1097-1107) (b.1074? - d.1107)
| = Alexander (I, King of Scotland 1107-1124) (b.1077 - d.1124)
| = Matilda Edith (of Scotland) (b.1080? - d.1118)
| = David (I, King of Scotland 1124-1153) (b.1085 - d.1153)
| = Mary (of Scotland) (b.1084? - d.1116)
= Donald (III, Scottish King 1094-1097) (b.1032? - d.1099)
Selection of references used:
- 1. C.H.Frith, Cromwell, 1935
- 2. Anthony Cheetham, Life and times of Richard III, ISBN:0-297-83167-4
- 3. Peter Potter, Data Donation
- 4. Z.N. Brooke, A History of Europe
- 5. John Harvey, English Cathedrals, 1961
- 6. Edward Burman, The Templars, Knights of God, ISBN:0-85030-396-6
- 7. John Gillingham, The Life and Times of Richard I, 1974
Explore the White Tower
Explore all four floors of the White Tower at the Tower of London using the Unity 3d game engine.
A Medieval Mystery
There appear to be some strange connections between the fourteenth century Old Wardour Castle and ancient stone circle Stonehenge.
1: Location
Old Wardour Castle appears to be aligned to ancient sites in the Stonehenge landscape.
2: Alignment
Stonehenge is aligned to the Summer Solstice. Old Wardour has a very similar alignment.
3: Size
Could the builders of Old Wardour used mesaurements from Stonehenge to layout the geometrical keep?
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