After a lengthy siege failed to take the well defended castle at St. Andrews, Mary of Guise asked the French for help. The castle at St. Andrews was captured and the Protestant leaders and John Knox were taken into custody. ^[1]

A group of Scottish Lords signed a covenant promising to support the advancement 'the most blessed Word of God' and to push forward the Reformation in Scotland. This was a move against what they saw as the threat from France which came from the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to the French Dauphin. They called themselves the Lords of the Congregation. ^[2]

The infant son of Mary, Queen of Scots, was crowned in Stirling in an ordinary church called the Holy Rude. This wasn't the traditional location for the coronations of Scottish kings. The ceremony was led by the Bishop of Orkney and John Knox. ^[3]