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Becket, Thomas (St)

Timeline

1155(Age: 37yrs)
Spring
Repairs to Westminster Palace

The Palace at Westminster had been badly damaged by King Stephen's supporters at the time of the Anarchy and it had become unfit as a Royal residence. Thomas Becket was given the task of repairing the buildings and by the summer of the same year Eleanor was able to move in. [1]

1162(Age: 44yrs)
Jun 3
Thomas Becket becomes Archbishop of Canterbury

Thomas Becket was consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury on June 3rd. He accepted the pallium sent by the Pope on August 10th. A pallium is a piece of clothe sent by the Pope and is woven from white lamb's wool. It is draped around the neck. [2]

1163(Age: 45yrs)
Jan
Henry II returns to England

Henry returned from Normandy to England coming ashore at Southampton where he was met by Thomas Becket.  [3]

Jul
Council at Woodstock

The council held at the Royal Palace of Woodstock near Oxford was the scene for a clash between King Henry II and Thomas Becket over the control of payments to Sheriffs. Becket opposed the plan and was going to oppose more of Henry's reforms in the near future. [4]

Oct
Henry II puts plans of reform to Council of Westminster

King Henry II put his plans before the Council of Westminster to reform the judicial system allowing the courts power over members of the Church which had the luxury of their own courts. Thomas Becket stood against the plans starting a rift between him and Henry that would led to Becket's death. [5]

Oct 13
Edward the Confessor moved

The body of Edward the Confessor was moved to a more fitting location within the Abbey. The ceremony was attended by King Henry II and Thomas Becket.

1164(Age: 46yrs)
...
Templars attempt a reconciliation

Richard de Hastings, Master of the Knight Templars, attempted to reconcile the differences between King King Henry II and Thomas Becket. [6]

Jan 30
Constitutions of Clarendon

The Constitutions of Clarendon were series of statements laid down by King Henry II regarding the relationship between the church and the state. One statement was the cause for the rift between Henry and Thomas Becket, that said that a member of the church who committed a crime should be available to be tried in a state court and not just a church one. Clarendon is near Salisbury.

Apr 19
Reading Abbey consecrated

Thomas Becket consecrated the abbey at Reading on its completion in this year. [7]

Oct 6
Council of Northampton

At the Council of Northampton the Welsh rebellion and the Constitution of Clarendon were discussed. The Council tried Thomas Becket and found him guilty of perjury for failure to appear at Council and heresy. Becket was sentenced to forfeiture of his possessions. The sentence was quashed by Pope Alexander III and Becket fled to Lincoln on the 14th and then France in early November. [7]

Nov 2
Becket flees to France

Thomas Becket fled to France and sought the protection of Pope Alexander III, who himself was in exile. [7]

1166(Age: 48yrs)
...
Becket excommunicates his enemies

Richard de Lucy, joint Chief Justiciar in England, excommunicated by Thomas Becket. [7]

1169(Age: 51yrs)
Jan 6
Becket submits to Henry

King Henry II of England, Louis VII of France and Thomas Becket met at Montmirail to hold peace talks. Becket submitted to Henry excepting only on one point, and the negotiations failed. A second meeting took place at St. Leger-en-Yvelines, and a papal ultimatum was served on Henry. [7]

1170(Age: 52yrs)
Jun 14
The coronation of Prince Henry

The coronation of Prince Henry, the eldest son of King Henry II took place at Westminster Abbey. King Henry was following the practice of the French kings who had their eldest son crowned during their lifetime to ensure the prince would automatically become king upon their death. King Henry used the Archbishop of York in the coronation service as an insult to Thomas Becket. This was an act that infringed the rights of the Archbishop of Canterbury.  [8]

Jul 22
Becket and Henry at Freteval

King Henry II and Thomas Becket met near Freteval in France where they came to an agreement to end their differences. This resulted in Becket's partial restoration. [7]

Dec 1
Thomas Becket returns to England

King Henry II sent word to England saying that the conflict with Thomas Becket was at an end and his lands should be restored. Hearing this Becket returned to England landing on the south coast at Sandwich.

Dec 25
Becket excommunicates his enemies

On Christmas Day Thomas Becket took to the pulpit at Canterbury Cathedral and gave his sermon. At the end of the sermon he excommunicated several of his enemies who had taken part in his earlier troubles with the King.

Dec 29
Thomas Becket is murdered

When King Henry II heard that Thomas Becket had returned to England and was threatening to excommunicate his opponents, his outrage was such that four knights overhearing the King travelled to England and killed Becket inside Canterbury Cathedral.

1171
Jan 1
Henry II told of the murder of Becket

King Henry II was told of the murder of Thomas Becket. [7]

1172
May 21
Compromise of Avranches

The Compromise of Avranches. Even though King Henry II was cleared of involvement in Thomas Becket's murder, he did penance before the Cathedral at Avranches in Normandy. The compromise was a deal struck between Henry and the church over the matter of Becket's death.

1173
Feb 21
Becket canonised

Thomas Becket was canonized by Pope Alexander III. His shrine at Canterbury Cathedral became extremely wealthy due to the number of pilgrims visiting it and donating money. [1]

1174
Jul 7
Whipping of Henry II

King Henry II accepted his part, even though indirect, in the killing of Thomas Becket. He was whipped by the monks of Canterbury as punishment.

1220
Jul 7
Stephen Langton returns to England

Stephen Langton returned to England and resumed the role of Archbishop of Canterbury. He performed a ceremony in Canterbury in which relics from St. Thomas Becket were put in a tomb. The 7th of July became St. Thomas of Canterbury's Day; a major holy day.

1538
...
Destruction of Thomas Becket's Relics

King Henry VIII ordered the destruction of the shrine of Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral and the removal of all the offerings that had been made over the centuries. The bones were supposed to have been burned but may have been reburied sparking a mystery over the location of the remains today. [9]

Selection of references used:

  • 1: John Timbs & Alexander Gunn, Abbeys, Castles and Ancient Halls of England & Wales (North), 1872, Frederick Warne & Co. (1872), Mine
  • 2: Frank Barlow, The Feudal Kingdom of England
  • 3: The Plantagenet Chronicles, ISBN:1-85501-685-0
  • 4: Mike Salter, Castles and Moated Castles of Warwickshire
  • 5: John Fines, Who's Who in the Middle Ages, Anthony Blond Limited, Erdington Library
  • 6: Stephen Howarth, The Knights Templar, ISBN:0-00-216452-3
  • 7: Peter Potter, Data Donation
  • 8: Alan & Veronica Palmer, Pimlico Chronology of Britsh History, ISBN:0-7126-7331-8
  • 9: T. Francis Bumpus, The Cathedrals of England and Wales, 1934

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