1210 - 1219 (10 Year Overview)
 
Main Key People Battles Construction
RulerCountryStart of ReignAge at 1210
JohnEngland119943
1210 Haverfordwest Castle hosts King John 
1210 Kenilworth Castle defences improved 
1210 Jun 10John lands in Ireland 
1211 SummerExcommunication served 
1211 JulPeace with Wales 
1212 William gives son as hostage 
1212 John extorts money from the barons 
1212 NovJohn accepts Pope's demands 
1213 MarJohn prepares against invasion 
1213 SpringFrench plan invasion 
1213 JulExcommunication lifted 
1213 Sep 26Pope's envoy arives in England 
1213 NovJohn meets the Barons 
1214 Feb 1Peter Des Roches become Justiciar 
1214 Feb 2John sails for France 
1214 Jun 29Interdict lifted 
1214 Jul 27Battle of Bouvines 
1214 Oct 15John returns from France 
1215 Llewellyn captures Abervagenny Castle 
1215 Colchester Castle occupied by the French 
1215 JanJohn meets the Barons in London 
1215 Mar 4John takes oath for Crusade 
1215 Apr 1Pope sides with John 
1215 May 12Baron's war 
1215 May 17London falls to the Rebels 
1215 May 27A truce is sought 
1215 Jun 17John's Charter (the Magna Carta) 
1216 FebSmall French fleet land in London 
1216 FebKing John puts down revolt 
1216 May 18A storm hits John's fleet 
1216 May 21Prince Louis of France claims English Throne 
1216 JunKings John fights rebels in East Anglia 
1216 OctKing John attacks Berwick 
1216 OctDeath of King John 
1216 Oct 19King John dies 
Henry IIIEngland12163
1216 Oct 28King Henry III Crowned 
1216 Nov 12Revision to the John's Charter 
1217 Hubert de Burgh forces Louis to accept peace terms 
1217 May 20Battle of Lincoln - Barons' War 
William IScotland1165?
1212 William gives son as hostage 
1214 Dec 4William the Lyon of Scotland dies 
Alexander IIScotland1214?
1212 William gives son as hostage 
1214 Dec 5Alexander II became King of the Scots 
Philippe IIFrance1180?
1213 SpringFrench plan invasion 
1214 Feb 2John sails for France 
1214 Jul 27Battle of Bouvines 
1215 Colchester Castle occupied by the French 
Excommunication of King John
1211SummerExcommunication served
  In Northampton the Papal legate Pandulf served King John with his excommunication ordered by the Pope. For John this was a serious blow to his ability to rule the country as it absolved the King's subjects from their oaths of alliegence, gave the Barons reason to revolt and allowed the King of France to invade England to remove John from power.
1212NovJohn accepts Pope's demands
  Taking the advice of William Marshal John accepted the demands of the Pope and that Stephen Langton should become Archbishop. A peace mission was also sent to the Pope.
1213MarJohn prepares against invasion
  At a camp near Canterbury called Barham Down King John mobilized an army against the threat of invasion from the French.
SpringFrench plan invasion
  Because King John had been excommunicated by the Pope the French king, Philippe, had the right to invade England and remove John from the throne. Philippe wanted to put his son Louis in John's place.
May 30French fleet defeated
  The English fleet defeated the French fleet off Damme, Flanders and the French plans of invasion are destroyed.
JulExcommunication lifted
  When King John agreed to meet Stephen Langton at Winchester he was absolved from excommunication.
Sep 26Pope's envoy arives in England
  Cardinal Nicholas De Romanis arrived in England to prepare for the settlement of the Interdict. John's punishment was to pay 100,000 marks to compensate the church for the losses he had caused it.
1214Jun 29Interdict lifted
  At St. Paul's Cathedral, in London, the Interdict was finally lifted.

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People who played important roles in this time period
Langton, Stephen
Archbishop of Canterbury. After the death of Hubert Walter, king John wanted John Gray, bishop of Norwich as the new archbishop. The bishops and monks instead voted Reginald, the prior of Canterbury. John forced the election of Gray, but pope Innocent III did not agree and held a vote between Gray a (more...)

Marshal, William (Earl of Pembroke)
Beginning penniless, William Marshal became an important figure, respected by Henry II, Richard I and king John. At the age of at least seventy he led forces against Louis VIII of France to assist a nine-year old Henry III retain his throne.

At the age of five or six William was given to King Step (more...)

Llewelyn ap Iorwerth
Llewelyn the Great was the supreme leader of the Welsh Lords during the early years of Henry III's reign.


Battles that took place in this time period
1214 Jul 27 - Battle of Bouvines
English forces under the control of Emperor Otto IV were defeated by Philip II of France.

1217 May 20 - Battle of Lincoln - Barons' War
Henry III's supporters defeated the forces belonging to the future King of France Louis VIII and the barons that were besieging the castle at Lincoln.

1217 Aug 24 - Battle off Sandwich
The French were defeated off Sandwich.


Building work undertaken in this time period
Fountains Abbey 1210 - 1240
Rebuilding work of the eastern parts at Fountains Abbey.

Kenilworth Castle 1210 - 1215
King John spent time and money on the castle at Kenilworth, building outer walls and raising the height of the lake.

Bridgnorth Castle 1211 - 1212
Work was carried out on the outer defences at Bridgnorth.

Wallingford Castle 1215
The fortifications at Wallingford castle were strengthened at this time.


     
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