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| Basil II and Constantine VIII | 976 | 1025 | |
| Constantine VIII | 1025 | 1028 | |
| Zoë and Romanus III Argyrus | 1028 | 1034 | |
| Zoë and Michael IV | 1034 | 1041 | |
| Zoë and Michael V | 1041 | 1042 | |
| Zoë and Constantine IX | 1060 | 1050 | |
| Constantine IX | 1050 | 1055 | |
| Theodora | 1055 | 1056 | |
| Michael VI Stratioticus | 1056 | 1057 | |
| Isaac I Comnenus | 1057 | 1059 | |
| Constantine X Ducas | 1057 | 1067 | |
| Eudoxia with Michael VII, Andronicus and Constantine | 1067 | 1068 | |
| Romanus IV Diogenes | 1068 | 1071 | |
| Michael VII Ducas (Restored) | 1071 | 1078 | |
| Nicephorus III Botaniates Ducas | 1078 | 1081 | |
 Alexius I Comnenus | 1081 | 1118 | |
| John II Comnenus | 1118 | 1143 | |
| Manuel I Comnenus | 1143 | 1180 | |
| Alexius II Comnenus | 1180 | 1183 | |
| Andronicus I Comnenus | 1183 | 1185 | |
| Isaac II Angelus | 1185 | 1195 | |
| Alexius III Angelus | 1195 | 1203 | |
| Alexius IV and Isaac II Angelus | 1203 | 1204 | |
| Alexius V Ducas | 1204 | 1204 | |
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| The Latin Emperors: |
| The Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople in 1204 and a Latin Kingdom was established lasting until 1261, when Michael VIII succeeded in reunifying the Empire. |
|
| Baldwin I, Count of Flanders | 1204 | 1205 | |
| Henry of Flanders | 1205 | 1216 | |
| Yolande of Flanders | 1216 | 1219 | |
| Robert of Courtenay | 1219 | 1228 | |
| Baldwin II and Jean de Brienne (Regent) | 1228 | 1237 | |
| Baldwin II | 1237 | 1261 | |
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| The Nicaean Emperors: |
| After the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople in 1204 the old Byzantine Empire fragmented. Under the leadership
of Theodore I Lascaris the Empire of Nicaean continued in parallel with the Latin control until Constantinople was
recaptured in 1261. |
|
| Theodore I Lascaris | 1204 | 1222 | |
| John II Vatatzes | 1222 | 1254 | |
| Theodore II Lascaris | 1254 | 1258 | |
| John IV Vatatzes | 1258 | 1261 | |
| Michael VIII Palaeologus | 1259 | 1282 | |
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| Restored Byzantine Empire: |
| Under the leadership of Michael Palaeologus Constantinople was recaptured from the
Latin army who had been in control since 1204. |
|
| Andronicus II the Elder | 1282 | 1295 | |
| Michael IX and Andronicus II | 1282 | 1320 | |
| Andronicus II (period of anarchy?) | 1320 | 1328 | |
| Andronicus III | 1328 | 1341 | |
| John V | 1341 | 1376 | |
| Andronicus IV | 1376 | 1379 | |
| John V (restored) | 1379 | 1391 | |
| Manuel II | 1391 | 1425 | |
| John VIII | 1425 | 1448 | |
| Constantine XI Dragases | 1448 | 1453 | |
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| Capture of Constantinople: |
| On 29 May 1453 Mohammed II occupied Constantinople and the Empire ended. |
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