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James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437) James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
James (III, King of Scotland 1460-1488) James (IV King of Scotland 1488-1513)
James (of St George's) James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542)
James (VI of Scotland, 1567-1625, from 1603 James I of England) Joan (of Arc)
Joan (of Kent) John (Baron Wenlock, Sir)
John (Duke of Bedford) John (I, King of France 1316)
John (I, of Portugal) John (II, King of France 1350-1364)
JOHN (King of England 1199-1216) John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster)
John (of Gloucester, Master) John (XXII, Pope)
Julius (II, Pope 1503-1513)


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       James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437) Born: 1394 Died: 20 Feb 1437 
he poor leadership of Robert III, King of Scotland led to an uprising by the barons. The most powerful baron was the King's brother, also called Robert, but known as the duke of Albany. Albany arranged for the King's eldest son to be imprisoned and he died in captivity. In 1406, the King sent James his younger son and now heir to the throne to France in an attempt to save the boy. But James was captured by pirates and handed over to the English. A month later Robert III of Scotland died and James should have become King of Scotland, but he was held prisoner by the English. James was held for eighteen years while Scotland was ruled by Albany acting as regent. Albany and his son Murdac both refused to ransom James as they prefered to hold on to power in Scotland. While in captivity James was given a good education befitting a king and he married an Englishwoman Joan Beaufort, the great-granddaughter of Edward III, King of England. When James was finally released in 1424 he returned to Scotland to be crowned, He then set about destroying the barons, but in February of 1437 he was attacked at Blackfriars monastery in Perth and killed. Joan and their son, the future James II, escaped.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Robert (III, King of Scotland 1390-1406) ( - d.1406)
Mother:  Drummond, Annabella (b.1350 - d.1401) 
James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437) (b.1394 - d.1437)
     +Beaufort, Joan
          =Margaret (Stewart) ( - d.1445)
          |    +Louis (XI, King of France 1461-1483)
          =Isabella (Stewart) ( - d.1494)
          =Eleanor (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
          =James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
          =Joan (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthAgeDetailsEvent Location
1406  Mar  12 James (I) captured by the English Rothesay Castle
   Robert III had fled from the Duke of Albany to Rothesay Castle and had attempted to send his son James to France. English pirates intercepted James and he was sent to London and imprisoned. 
  Apr  James I of Scotland
   With the death of Robert III, King of the Scots, James I was the new King of Scotland but as he was imprisoned by the English, his brother Robert, acted as Regent until James' release in 1424.1 
  Apr  Robert III dies Rothesay Castle
   Robert III, King of Scotland died at Rothesay Castle. His son James, although the rightful heir to the Scottish throne, was not crowned until 1424. 
1423  Dec  29 Treaty of London
   Treaty allowing James I, of Scotland to be freed from his prison where he had been for eighteen years and return to Scotland and become King. 
1424  May  30 James I crowned Scone
   James I, King of Scotland was crowned at Scone Abbey. 
1437  Mar 25  43 James II becomes King of the Scots
   After the death of his father, James II became the King of the Scots.1 
       James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)  

Family Tree Details
Father:  James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437) (b.1394 - d.1437)
Mother:  Beaufort, Joan 
James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1437  Mar 25  James II becomes King of the Scots
   After the death of his father, James II became the King of the Scots.1 
       James (III, King of Scotland 1460-1488) Died: 1488 
ing of Scotland from 1460 to 1488.
 See Also
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1468    Orkney pledged to Scotland
   The islands of Orkney were pledged to James III of Scotland in part payment of the dowry for the marriage of James to the daughter of King Christian I of Norway.
2 
1473  Oct  Marriage agreement between England and Scotland
   James III of Scotland agreed that his new born son, James, should marry Edward IV's daughter Cecily. Cecily was only four and the agreement stated that the marriage should wait until both were old enough. Also, if either died before that time, a substitute would be found. This agreement brought peace between Scotland and England until October 1519. 
1488  Jun 11  Death of James III of Scotland
   James III king of Scotland was killed at or shortly after the battle of Sauchieburn. Several of his nobles had risen up against the king and James was forced to fight. The king's army was defeated. James fled the battle field but was killed or even murdered shortly afterwards. 
       James (IV King of Scotland 1488-1513) Born: 1473 Died: 1513 
ing of Scotland.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
James (IV King of Scotland 1488-1513) (b.1473 - d.1513)
     +Margaret (Tudor, Daughter of Henry VII) (b.1489 - d.1541)
          =James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542) (b.1512 - d.1542)
               +Mary (of Guise) ( - d.1560)
               |    =Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587)
               |         +Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560) (b.1544 - d.1560)
               |         +Henry (Lord Darnley) (b.1546 - d.1567)
               |              =James (VI of Scotland, 1567-1625, from 1603 James I of England) (b.1566 - d.1625)
               +Erskine, Margaret (Lady)
                    =Stewart, James (1st Earl of Moray) (b.1531 - d.1570)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthAgeDetailsEvent Location
1473  Oct  Marriage agreement between England and Scotland
   James III of Scotland agreed that his new born son, James, should marry Edward IV's daughter Cecily. Cecily was only four and the agreement stated that the marriage should wait until both were old enough. Also, if either died before that time, a substitute would be found. This agreement brought peace between Scotland and England until October 1519. 
1503  Jun  30 Henry VII escorts Margaret to Scotland
   Henry VII and his eldest daughter started their journey to Scotland where the arranged marriage between Margaret and the Scottish King James IV would take place. Margaret was only fourteen years old. 
  Aug 8  Marriage of James IV and Margaret Holyrood Palace
   The marriage of the 30 year old Scottish king to the 14 year old daughter of Henry VI, Margaret took place at Holyrood house in Edinburgh. 
1509    36 Building work at Urquhart Castle Urquhart Castle
   Urquhart Castle was given as a gift to the Grant family by King James IV of Scotland with the understanding that extensive building work was to be carried out. This included the construction of a new tower and supporting buildings so that the surrounding lands could be better protected. 
1513  Sep 9  40 Battle of Flodden
   James IV of Scotland's invasion of England came to an end at the Battle of Flodden where he was killed. The English were led by Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. Henry VIII was in France at the time. 
       James (of St George's)  
aster Mason responsible for the design and construction of Edward I's castles in the north of Wales during the conflict with the Welsh and Llewelyn. Edward met James whilst travelling in Savoy. Impressed by his skills of castle building, Edward brought James back to England and by 1278 James was in North Wales working on castles there. Castles that James built include Flint, Rhuddlan, Harlech, Beaumaris and Caernarvon but there are many more. in many castles he used a concentric plan where a succession of nested walls and towers are built, the walls getting taller towards the centre of the castle. In these castles there are no central keeps, but one or more of the wall towers are large enough to be used in the same way.
 See Also
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1277  Jul  Construction of Flint Castle begun Flint Castle
   As part of the plans to defeat Llewelyn Edward I ordered the construction of Flint Castle in Clwyd. Edward had been impressed by fortified town and castle combinations he had seen on his travels in France and Flint Castle was designed in the same manor. The castle was completed in 1280. 
  Aug  Reconstruction of Rhuddlan Castle begun Rhuddlan Castle
   Leaving work on Flint Castle underway Edward I moved on up the coast to Rhuddlan where he found the remains of an old Norman Motte and Bailey castle overlooking an important crossing point of the river Clywd. A new castle was ordered and work began to create both the castle and a new town alongside. 
1282    Construction of Denbigh Castle Denbigh Castle
   Another castle was built by Edward I's master castle builder, James of St. George in North Wales. 
1283    Construction of Conway Castle begun Conway Castle
   After capturing Dolwyddelan, Edward moved up the river Conway to its mouth and a new castle was ordered. The castle's design and size were chosen to prove the royal power of the English King. The construction took until 1297. 
    Construction of Caernarvon Castle Caernarvon Castle
   Edward and his master castle builder started the reconstruction of a new castle at Caernarvon. 
       James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542) Born: 10 Apr 1512 Died: 14 Dec 1542 
ames V was the son of James IV, king of Scotland, who died at the battle of Flodden in 1513. James V died at the end of 1542 supposedly due to the shock of his army's defeat by the English at Solway Moss. James V left a daughter. Mary, as heir to the Scottish throne.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  James (IV King of Scotland 1488-1513) (b.1473 - d.1513)
Mother:  Margaret (Tudor, Daughter of Henry VII) (b.1489 - d.1541) 
James (V, King of Scotland 1513-1542) (b.1512 - d.1542)
     +Mary (of Guise) ( - d.1560)
     |    =Mary (Stuart, Queen of Scotland) (b.1542 - d.1587)
     |         +Francis (II, King of France 1559-1560) (b.1544 - d.1560)
     |         +Henry (Lord Darnley) (b.1546 - d.1567)
     |              =James (VI of Scotland, 1567-1625, from 1603 James I of England) (b.1566 - d.1625)
     |                   +Anne (of Denmark, Queen Consort of Scotland) (b.1574 - d.1619)
     |                        =Henry Frederick (Prince of Wales) (b.1594 - d.1612)
     |                        =Elizabeth (Queen Consort of Bohemia) (b.1596 - d.1662)
     |                        =Charles (I, King of England and Scotland 1625-1649) (b.1600 - d.1649)
     +Erskine, Margaret (Lady)
          =Stewart, James (1st Earl of Moray) (b.1531 - d.1570)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthAgeDetailsEvent Location
1542  Dec 8  30 Birth of Mary, Queen of Scots Linlithgow Palace
   Mary was born at Linlithgow Palace in West Lothian, Scotland. She was the daughter of James V, king of Scotland and Mary of Guise, from France. James V died a week after Mary was born and she became Queen of Scotland. 
  Dec 14  Death of James V of Scotland
   The defeat of the Scottish army at Solway Moss a few weeks earlier is supposed to have shocked James V so much that he died. His daughter Mary was only a week or so old when he died and she became queen, known as Mary Queen of Scots. James Hamilton, Earl of Arran became regent of Scotland as Mary was too young to rule. 
       Joan (of Arc) Born: 6 Jan 1412 Died: 30 May 1431 
oan of Arc was born in 1412 in a village called Domremy and was the daughter of a farmer. She had no education apart from religious instruction given to her by her mother. One evening, on one of her solitary walks, Joan saw a bright light and heard a voice coming from the direction of the local church. The visions continued informing her of her mission to rescue Orléans from the English invaders and to save France. At the age of 16 Joan went to see Robert de Baudricourt, the head of the French army at Vaucouleurs. Joan told him of the visions and her mission but he did not believe her and sent her home. Early in 1429 Joan left Domremy and returned to Vaucouleurs where again she spoke of her visions. This time she was believed and given permission to see Charles VII, the King of France. Leaving Vaucouleurs on February 24, 1491, Joan headed to Chinon and a meeting with the King. For protection on her journey Joan dressed as a man and had some attendants. In early March Joan reached Chinon but it took several days before the King granted her an audience. The King was advised to accept Joan's help and she was supplied with white armour, a horse and a detachment of men for her journey to Orléans.
 See Also
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthAgeDetailsEvent Location
1412  Jan  Joan of Arc born Domr�my
   Joan is born at Domremy. 
1429  Feb 23  17 Joan begins her mission Chinon, France
   Joan left Vaucouleurs dressed as a man and with an escort of attendants. They headed for Chinon where Charles VII was staying. They reached Chinon in early March. 
  Mar  Joan visits Charles VII
   Joan was granted an audience with the dauphin at Vaucouleurs. At the meeting Charles had disguised himself as a servant and had a servant dress as himself. Joan was not fooled and picked the king out. Charles was impressed when Joan told him that God had told her that he was the true heir. 
  Apr  Joan is given an army
   Charles gave Joan a small army and she sets of to free Orleans from the English. 
  Apr 29  Joan reaches Orleans Orleans, France
   Joan reached Orleans and managed to get past the English to enter the town. There she raised the moral of the citizens trapped by the English siege. 
  May 8  Siege of Orleans is lifted Orleans, France
   Joan of Arc had tried to negotiate with the English without success. More French troops had arrived to assist break the blockade. On May 7th, Joan was wounded by an arrow in the neck but survived and managed to lead the French to defeat the English at Les Tourelles (part of the town). On May 8th the English moved out of Orleans. 
  Jun 18  The Battle of Patay
   The French defeat the English. 
  Jul 17  Charles VII crowned at Rheims Rheims Cathedral
   Joan of Arc and the dauphin entered Rheims. Charles was crowned in the Cathedral and became King of France. 
  Sep 8  Joan fails to take Paris Paris
   The French fail to retake Paris that had been captured by the English. Joan was slightly injured during the fighting. 
1430  May 23  18 Joan of Arc is captured Compi�gne, France
   Joan's main objective was to liberate Paris from the Burgundians, but first she needed to free Compiegne. It was during the fighting here that she was wounded again and this time captured. Joan was then sold to the English who handed her over to the Church. As Compiegne was under the bishopric of Beauvais Joan was delivered to Pierre Cauchon, the Bishop of Beauvais, who led the trial. 
1431  Jan  19 The trial of Joan of Arc
   Joan's trial began. 
  May 30  Joan of Arc burnt at the stake Rouen, France
   Joan was burnt at the stake in Rouen in the Old Market Square.3 
       Joan (of Kent) Died: 1385 
arried Edward, 'The Black Prince'. Their son was Richard II.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Edmund (Earl of Kent) ( - d.1330)
Mother:  Wake, Margaret ( - d.1349) 
Joan (of Kent) ( - d.1385)
     +Edward (The Black Prince) (b.1330 - d.1376)
          =RICHARD (II, King of England 1377-1399) (b.1367 - d.1400)
               +Anne (of Bohemia) ( - d.1394)
               +Isabella (of France, Wife of Richard II)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1348    Founding of the Order of the Garter
   King Edward III of England established the Order of the Garter, the first English order of knighthood. Based on the Knights of the Round Table and King Arthur. The name of the order is supposed to have originated when Edward III picked up a garter that had been lost on the dance floor during a banquet. Edward tied the garter around his own leg telling all present not to pass judgement. The garter may have belonged to the beautiful Joan of Kent. Joan was later to marry Edward's son, the Black Prince. 
1362  Jul  The Black Prince is given Gascony
   Edward III transferred control of Gascony to his eldest son, the Black Prince. Edward the Black Prince had just married Joan of Kent at Windsor and together they created a magnificent court in Bordeaux. 
1378  Feb  Wycliffe again tried for heresy
   Again John Wycliffe was tried for heresy but this time he was supported by Joan of Kent the widow of Edward, the Black Prince. The trial ended when the citizens entered the courtroom to save him. 
       John (Baron Wenlock, Sir) Died: 4 May 1471 
ir John, Baron Wenlock (or Lord Wenlock) fought on both the Lancastrian and Yorkist sides during the Wars of the Roses. He took part in the invasion of France under Henry V, received his knighthood and became the Chamberlain of Margaret of Anjou, the wife of Henry VI. John was elected to Parliament and represented Bedfordshire where he had been Sheriff. When fighting broke out between the supporters of King Henry VI and Richard Duke of York, Lord Wenlock supported the King and the Lancastrians. After the first Battle of St. Albans John became a supporter of Richard of York and in Parliament was chosen as Speaker. The Yorkists were defeated at the Battle of Ludford in 1459 and John fled to France with the other important Yorkist leaders. Returning to England in June of 1460, John was part of the Yorkist army that took control of London and the Tower. In return for his services John was made a member of the Knights of the Garter. John's support for the Yorkists did not last and after the Earl of Warwick defected and joined Margaret of Anjou in France, John did so as well. When Margaret returned to England in 1471 John fought on her side but at the Battle of Tewkesbury he was killed.
See Also
       John (Duke of Bedford) Died: 1435 
ohn, the Duke of Bedford was the son of King Henry IV. In 1405 the King granted John the lands of the disgraced Percy family including the castles of Alnwick, Prudhoe and Warkworth.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
Mother:  Bohun, Mary 
John (Duke of Bedford) ( - d.1435)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1416  Aug 15  Harfleur rescued Le Havre, France
   An English fleet commanded by John Duke of Bedford attacked and defeated the French blockading the mouth of the Seine who were preventing supplies reaching the English held town of Harfleur. Bedford was the king's brother. 
1422  Sep 1  Henry VI becomes king
   Henry VI became king of England upon the death of his father. Henry was less than one year old when his father died and so England was governed by a number of protectors. These included Henry V's brothers, John Duke of Bedford and Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, along with Henry Beaufort the bishop of Winchester. 
1429  Nov  Henry VI crowned
   Although Henry was still too young to reign he was crowned as Henry VI, King of England in response to the Duke of Bedford's concerns over the events in France. 
1435  Sep 14  Duke of Bedford dies Rouen, France
   John, Duke of Bedford, died in Rouen. Henry was still too young to rule and Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, took over as regent until Henry was old enough to rule England unaided. Gloucester was not popular and was the cause of unrest with Parliament. 
       John (I, King of France 1316) Born: 15 Nov 1316 Died: 20 Nov 1316 
ohn was the son of King Louis X of France and Queen Clemence. King Louis died in May of 1316 before John was born leaving the boy heir to the French throne. Louis' brother Philippe of Poitiers returned to Paris when Louis died and had assumed the position of regent. When John was born Philippe's position of power was threatened. John only lived for five days and suspicion of murdering the child fell on Philippe's wife.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Louis (X, The Headstrong, King of France 1314-1316) ( - d.1316)
Mother:  Clemence (of Hungary) 
John (I, King of France 1316) (b.1316 - d.1316)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthAgeDetailsEvent Location
1316    Philippe V becomes King of France
   Philippe, the brother of the previous King of France, became regent and then King of France.3 
  Nov 15  Birth of John I King of France
   As soon as he was born John became the King of France. His father, Louis X, had died several months before his birth. 
  Nov 20  Death of King John of France
   Only five days after his birth the King of France died. John's uncle Philippe, who had been acting as regent, became King of France. 
       John (I, of Portugal)  

Family Tree Details
John (I, of Portugal)
     +Philippa, (daughter of John of Gaunt)
       John (II, King of France 1350-1364) Born: Apr 1319 Died: 8 Apr 1364 
member of the house of Valois, John was the King of France from 1350 until 1364. Before becoming king John had married Bonne of Bohemia but she died of the Black Death in 1349. John second wife was Joan, Countess or Auvergne. John was captured at the battle of Poitiers by Edward the Black Prince and held hostage for several years before being released after a peace treaty was signed between the English and French kings.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  Philippe (VI, King of France 1328-1350) ( - d.1350)
Mother:  Joan (of Burgundy) 
John (II, King of France 1350-1364) (b.1319 - d.1364)
     +Bonne (of Luxembourg)
          =Charles (V, King of France 1364 - 1380) (b.1338 - d.1380)
               +Joan (of Bourbon)
                    =Charles (VI, King of France 1380-1422) (b.1338 - d.1422)
                         +Isabella (of Bavaria)
                              =Charles (VII, King of France 1422-1461) (b.1403 - d.1461)
                              =Catherine (of France) ( - d.1438)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthAgeDetailsEvent Location
1350    31 John II becomes King of France
   John became king of France after the death of his father Philippe.3 
1355  Oct  36 The Black Prince starts his chevauchée Bordeaux, France
   Edward the Black Prince set out from Bordeaux at the start of a chevauchée into lands held by King John of France. Chevauchée was a medieval term for a process destroying the towns, villages and land of an enemy lord in an attempt to reduce the wealth that the lord could extract and put to use in going to war. It also caused panic in the local population and an exodus of refugees.4 
1356  Sep 17  37 English and French armies meet
   On Saturday 17th of September while the Black Prince was moving his army to English owned city of Bordeaux the English and French armies finally came across each other near Poitiers. Edward moved his army into a defensive position protected by hedges on three sides and a narrow lane on the fourth. 
  Sep 18  Papal mission
   On the Sunday a Cardinal attempted to get the English prince and French king to agree a truce, but the two leaders used the Sunday to rest their troops and prepare for the battle ahead. 
  Sep 19  Battle of Poitiers
   On Monday the 19th of September the battle of Poitiers took place. Even though the English army was outnumbered the Black Prince used superior tactics in the battle and defeated the French without suffering many losses. John, the French King, was captured along with many other French nobles and taken to Bordeaux.  
  Oct  King John at St. Albans St. Albans Cathedral
   King John of France was held prisoner at St. Alban's monastery after being captured at Poitiers.
5 
1357  Mar  38 Truce with France
   On behalf of the King of England, Edward, the Black Prince arranged a two year truce with John, the King of France at Bordeaux. 
  Apr  John brought to England
   The Black Prince with the French king and many other prisoners began the journey from France to England. Once back in England these nobles were ransomed for large amounts of money. 
1360  May  41 Treaty of Bretigny Calais, France
   The treaty of Bretigny brought a period of peace for nine years during the Hundred Years War. The treaty was arranged between the Black Prince and the dauphin (later Charles V of France) before being approved by Edward III of England and King John of France. As part of the treaty Edward was given control of the areas of Gascony, Calais and Ponthieu as long as he agreed to give up his claim for the French throne. King John, currently being held hostage in England, was to be released on condition of a payment of 3 million gold crowns to by paid in instalments. 
  Oct  Treaty agreed Calais, France
   At Calais Edward III and King John of France, who had be released from captivity, signed the Treaty of Bretigny. 
1364    45 Charles V becomes King of France Rheims Cathedral
   Charles became king of France after the death of his father John and was crowned at Rheims Cathedral.3 
       John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) Died: 1399 
ohn of Gaunt was the son of Edward III, King of England and the father of Henry IV, king of England. He was born in Ghent, Flanders from which his name comes. When Edward III died in 1377 the English throne passed to Richard II, John's nephew. Richard was only ten at the time and too young to rule unaided. John of Gaunt took control of the country until Richard was old enough to rule. Gaunt alienated the Church by supporting Wyclif's criticism of the Church's power and wealth.
 See Also

Family Tree Details
Father:  EDWARD (III, King of England 1327-1377) (b.1312 - d.1377)
Mother:  Philippa (of Hainault) ( - d.1369) 
John (of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) ( - d.1399)
     +Blanche (of Lancaster) ( - d.1369)
     |    =HENRY (IV, King of England 1399-1413) (b.1367 - d.1413)
     |    |    +Bohun, Mary
     |    |         =Henry (V, King of England 1413-1422) (b.1387 - d.1422)
     |    |         |    +Catherine (of France) ( - d.1438)
     |    |         |         =Henry (VI, King of England 1422-1461, 1470-1471) (b.1421 - d.1471)
     |    |         =Thomas (Duke of Clarence) ( - d.1421)
     |    |         =John (Duke of Bedford) ( - d.1435)
     |    |         =Humphrey (Duke of Gloucester) ( - d.1447)
     |    =Philippa, (daughter of John of Gaunt)
     |    |    +John (I, of Portugal)
     |    =Elizabeth (daughter of John of Gaunt)
     |         +John (Earl of Pembroke - 1389)
     +Constance (of Castile) ( - d.1394)
     |    =Katherine (of Lancaster) (b.1372 - d.1418)
     +Swynford, Catherine
          =Beaufort, John (1st Earl of Somerset) ( - d.1410)
          |    +Holland, Margaret
          |         =Beaufort, Henry (Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1418)
          |         =Beaufort, John (1st Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1444)
          |         |    +Beauchamp, Margaret (of Bletsoe)
          |         |         =Beaufort, Lady Margaret (b.1443 - d.1509)
          |         =Beaufort, Edmund (2nd Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1455)
          |         |    +Beauchamp, Eleanor
          |         |         =Beaufort, Henry (3rd Duke of Somerset) ( - d.1464)
          |         |         =Beaufort, Edmund ( - d.1471)
          |         |         =Beaufort, John ( - d.1471)
          |         =Beaufort, Joan
          |              +James (I, King of Scotland 1406-1437) (b.1394 - d.1437)
          |                   =Margaret (Stewart) ( - d.1445)
          |                   =Isabella (Stewart) ( - d.1494)
          |                   =Eleanor (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
          |                   =James (II, King of Scotland 1437-1460)
          |                   =Joan (Stewart) ( - d.1480)
          =Beaufort, Henry (Bishop of Winchester) ( - d.1447)
          =Beaufort, Thomas (Duke of Exeter) ( - d.1426)
          =Beaufort, Joan (daughter of John of Gaunt) (b.1379 - d.1440)
               +Neville, Ralph (Earl of Westmorland, Earl Marshal) (b.1364 - d.1425)
                    =Neville, Cecily (Duchess of York) ( - d.1495)
                    |    +Richard (Duke of York) (b.1411 - d.1460)
                    |         =Edward (IV, Earl of March and King of England 1461-1470, 1471-1483) (b.1442 - d.1483)
                    |         =George (Duke of Clarence) (b.1449 - d.1478)
                    |         =Richard (III, King of England 1483-1485) (b.1452 - d.1485)
                    |         =Elizabeth (Daughter of Richard, Duke of York)
                    |         =Margaret (of York, sister of Edward IV) (b.1446 - )
                    =Neville, Richard (Earl of Salisbury) ( - d.1460)
                         +Montacute, Alice (Daughter of Earl of Salisbury)
                              =Neville, Richard (Earl of Warwick, 'The Kingmaker') (b.1428 - d.1471)
                              =Neville, John (Earl of Northumberland, Lord Montagu) ( - d.1471)
                              =Neville, George (Archbishop of York) ( - d.1476)
                              =Neville, Cecily (Duchess of Warwick)
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1361 - 1399 John of Gaunt owns Kenilworth
  John of Gaunt married Blanche, the daughter of Henry, Duke of Lancaster. Henry owned Kenilworth Castle and when he died (?) John became Duke of Lancaster and took ownership of the castle. Gaunt rebuilt the hall and constructed new grand apartments.6 
1362    John becomes Duke of Lancaster
   John of Gaunt, Edward III's fourth son is created Duke of Lancaster. 
1367  Mar  Henry (IV) future king of England in born Bolingbroke Castle
   Henry was born at Bolingbroke Castle in Lincolnshire. 
1369  Jul  John of Gaunt in northern France Calais, France
   John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, left Calais with 2,000 soldiers and marched across northern France destroying towns along the way.4 
1371    Wykeham asks for war supplies Palace of Westminster
   William of Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and chancellor, asked for supplies for war. Parliament petitioned the king to stop the practice of ecclesiastics having positions of power and not being liable to account for their actions, and that non-clerical laymen should replaced them. An important supporter of this action was John of Gaunt. 
1377  Feb  Wycliffe tried for heresy
   John Wycliffe was tried for heresy at the court of the bishop of London at St. Paul's. Wycliffe was supported by John of Gaunt but the trial failed to convict the religious reformer when it ended in riots and chaos. 
  Jun 21  Edward III Dies
   Edward III, the King of England died in June 1377. One year earlier Edward's eldest son and heir to the throne, Edward the Black Prince died. Richard, the son of the Black Prince, was proclaimed heir to the throne. King Edward was ill for some time before his death, and John of Gaunt another of Edward's sons took the affairs of the nation under his control.7 
  Jul 16  Richard II is crowned Westminster Abbey
   The 10 year old Richard II was crowned king of England. Ceremonies were overseen by his uncle John of Gaunt. Henry Percy was created Earl of Northumberland at the ceremony in recognition for his services as a soldier leading troops against the French. 
1384  Apr  Criticism of Richard
   At a session of Parliament held this year both John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock argued with Richard about the way in which the country was being run, his finances and the influences of his advisors. 
1386  Spring  Gaunt and the Castilian throne
   With the defeat of the Castilians by the king of Portugal, James of Aviz, John of Gaunt saw his chance of taking the Castilian throne by right of his wife. He asked Richard for a loan to be repaid once he had the throne. Richard was pleased to pay the loan and get rid of Gaunt, as Gaunt was criticising Richard's handling of finances and his choice of advisors.8 
  Jul 8  John of Gaunt leaves Plymouth Plymouth
   John of Gaunt set sail from Plymouth, his task to take the Castilian throne.8 
1399  Feb  Death of John of Gaunt
   . 
       John (of Gloucester, Master) Died: 1260 
ohn of Gloucester was the King's Master Mason from 1253/4 until his death in 1260. This was during the reign of King Henry III. He succeeded Henry de Reyns to this important post. It seems he worked on Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and the royal palace at Woodstock.
 See Also
       John (XXII, Pope) Died: 1334 
ope from 1316 to 1334. He was the longest reigning Avignon Popes. John faced several threats during his time in office, including the German King Lewis the Bavarian, who wanted to become Roman Emperor, and the expanse of power from Milan led by Matteo Visconti.
       Julius (II, Pope 1503-1513)  
ulius II was the Pope from 1503 until 1513. Julius gave permission for the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Julius was also a member of the Holy League of countries against France in 1511.
 See Also
Mini Timeline (Ages are approximate)

YearMonthDetailsEvent Location
1505    Papal dispensation
   Pope Julius II gave permission for the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII. The legality of the marriage was in question because Catherine had been married to Henry's elder brother Arthur. 
Selection of references used:

1. Susan Ross, The Castles of Scotland, 0 85097 184 5
2. Peter Potter, Data Donation
3. Duc de Castries, The lives of the Kings and Queens of France, 0 297 77676 2
4. Hubert Cole, The Black Prince, 1976, 0 246 10778 2
5. T. Francis Bumpus, The Cathedrals of England and Wales, 1934
6. Mike Salter, Castles and Moated Castles of Warwickshire
7. Michael Senior, The Life and Times of Richard II, 1981
8. M H Keen, England in the Later Middle Ages, 0-415-02783-7

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